Recessive Loci Pps-1 and OM Differentially Regulate PISTILLATA-1 and APETALA3-1 Expression for Sepal and Petal Development in Papaver somniferum

Abstract

The involvement of PISTILLATA (PI) and APETALA (AP) transcription factors in the development of floral organs has previously been elucidated but little is known about their upstream regulation. In this investigation, two novel mutants generated in Papaver somniferum were analyzed - one with partially petaloid sepals and another having sepaloid petals. Progeny from reciprocal crosses of respective mutant parent genotypes showed a good fit to the monogenic Mendelian inheritance model, indicating that the mutant traits are likely controlled by the single, recessive nuclear genes named “Pps-1” and “OM” in the partially petaloid sepal and sepaloid petal phenotypes, respectively. Both paralogs of PISTILLATA (PapsPI-1 and PapsPI-3) were obtained from the sepals and petals of P. somniferum. Ectopic expression of PapsPI-1 in tobacco resulted in a partially petaloid sepal phenotype at a low frequency. Upregulation of PapsPI-1 and PapsAP3-1 in the petal and the petal part of partially petaloid sepal mutant and down-regulation of the same in sepaloid petal mutant indicates a differential pattern of regulation for flowering-related genes in various whorls. Similarly, it was found that the recessive mutation OM in sepaloid petal mutant downregulates PapsPI-1 and PapsAP3-1 transcripts. The recessive nature of the mutations was confirmed by the segregation ratios obtained in this analysis.

Application of Mutant <i>ap3</i> Allele-based Markers for the Selection of the Long-lasting Flower Phenotype (Misome-shō) in Evergreen Azalea Cultivars

“…In addition, the long-lasting flower trait was shown to be recessive to normal flowers and con- trolled by a single gene (Gobara et al, 2017). Similar mutations of sepaloid petals have been found in other plants, and Singh et al (2014) suggested that the development of sepaloid petals in Papaver somniferum was caused by the reduced expression of PapsAP3-1; this trait is a recessive trait controlled by a single gene. In herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora), a spontaneous corolla mutant under natural conditions was closely associated with selective expression alterations of duplicated AP3 and PI genes; down-regulation of dupli-cated B class genes may result in a reduction in the AP3-PI heterodimer in sepaloid corollas (Gong et al, 2017).…”

Expression Pattern and Functional Characterization of PISTILLATA Ortholog Associated With the Formation of Petaloid Sepals in Double-Flower Eriobotrya japonica (Rosaceae)

“…Lane P: the PCR with plasmid containing EjPI full-length CDS as a template. the petaloid sepals (Singh et al, 2014). In the flowers of monocot such as Zingiberales, Commelinales, Alismatales, and Liliales, expanded expression of class B genes into the first floral whorl was correlated with the formation of petaloid organs (Kanno et al, 2007;Hsu et al, 2015;Kanno, 2015;.…”

Plant development regulation: Overview and perspectives

“…APETALA1 (AP1), (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI) are also required for the activities of AP1, LFY, and UNUSUAL FLORAL ORGANS (UFO) (Ng and Yanofsky, 2001;Yamaguchi et al, 2014). The regulation of AP3 and PI has been investigated in Papaver somniferum (Singh et al, 2014), S. lycopersicum and V. vinifera (Fernández et al, 2013). Some differences have been found compared to Arabidopsis.…”