Receptors, Mechanism of Action and Biological Responses of Hormones in the Fetal, Placental and Maternal Compartments

Pasqualini, Jörge R.; Kincl, Fred A.; Sumida, C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-035720-1.50006-2

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Steroid Hormone Receptors and Biological Responses In The Fetus1

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2005

2016

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Cited by 2 publications

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“…The specific binding of different steroid hormones in various fetal organs of humans or animals is well established (for a general review see [15]). At mid-gestation, estrogen receptor (ER)-␣ was abundant in the fetal uterus and smaller quantities were detected in the ovary, testes, skin and gut.…”

Section: Steroid Hormone Receptors and Biological Responses In The Fetusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes involved in the formation and transformation of steroid hormones in the fetal and placental compartments

Pasqualini¹

2005

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

119

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Section: Steroid Hormone Receptors and Biological Responses In The Fetusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzymes involved in the formation and transformation of steroid hormones in the fetal and placental compartments

Pasqualini¹

2005

The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

119

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The formation and transformation of hormones in maternal, placental and fetal compartments: biological implications

Pasqualini¹,

Chétrite

2016

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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The fetal endocrine system constitutes the earliest system developing in fetal life and operates during all the steps of gestation. Its regulation is in part dependent on the secretion of placental and/or maternal precursors emanating across the feto-maternal interface. Human fetal and placental compartments possess all the enzymatic systems necessary to produce steroid hormones. However, their activities are different and complementary: the fetus is very active in converting acetate into cholesterol, in transforming pregnanes to androstanes, various hydroxylases, sulfotransferases, while all these transformations are absent or very limited in the placenta. This compartment can transform cholesterol to C21-steroids, convert 5-ene to 4-ene steroids, and has a high capacity to aromatize C19 precursors and to hydrolyze sulfates. Steroid hormone receptors are present at an early stage of gestation and are functional for important physiological activities. The production rate of some steroids greatly increases with fetal evolution (e.g. estriol increases 500-1000 times in relation to non-pregnant women). Other hormones, such as glucocorticoids, in particular the stress hormone cortisol, adipokines (e.g. leptin, adiponectin), insulin-like growth factors, are also a key factor for regulating reproduction, metabolism, appetite and may be significant in programming the fetus and its growth. We can hypothesize that the fetal and placental factors controlling hormonal levels in the fetal compartment can be of capital importance in the normal development of extra-uterine life.

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Receptors, Mechanism of Action and Biological Responses of Hormones in the Fetal, Placental and Maternal Compartments

Cited by 2 publications

References 809 publications

Enzymes involved in the formation and transformation of steroid hormones in the fetal and placental compartments

Enzymes involved in the formation and transformation of steroid hormones in the fetal and placental compartments

The formation and transformation of hormones in maternal, placental and fetal compartments: biological implications

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