Receptors and Membrane Interactions during Fertilization

Ruiz-Bravo, Norka; Lennarz, William J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-622595-2.50008-5

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Preparations containing at least 30% polypeptide by weight inhibited sperm-egg adhesion in a species-specific fashion (Ruiz-Bravo and Lennarz, 1986a). Glycopeptide fragments containing less than 10% polypeptide obtained by proteolysis of the sperm receptor still inhibited gamete binding, however species specificity was lost, suggesting that the carbohydrate moiety was responsible for gamete interaction and that the protein core confers species specificity (Rossignol et al, 1984;Ruiz-Bravo et al, 1986b;Ruiz-Bravo and Lennarz, 1989).…”

Section: Induction Of the Acrosome Reaction By Egg Jelly Glycoconjugatementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbohydrates and fertilization in animals

Miller

1990

Molecular Reproduction Devel

120

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A frequently used mechanism for sperrn-egg recognition in many species involves complementary protein-carbohydrate interaction. The usual paradigm includes complex glycoconjugates in reproductive tract fluids or on the eggs which are recognized by carbohydratebinding proteins on the sperm surface. Various glycoconjugates are utilized in the steps of sperm capacitation, sperm binding to the egg extracellular matrix and vitelline membrane and induction of the acrosome reaction. Several types of complex glycoconjugates are involved in these processes, including proteoglycans, lactosaminoglycans, sulfated fucose-containing glycoconiugates, and glycoproteins. There appear to be some structural similarities between active glycoconjugates; they are large in molecular weight and complex, and they are often sulfated, fucosylated, and attached to a protein through serine or threonine residues. In some species, the protein core of the glycoconjugates also participates in the interaction by limiting the binding of carbohydrates to sperm only of the relevant species, likely by providing the proper steric arrangement for the interaction. In other cases the protein core seems to serve more as a crosslinker of the carbohydrate moieties. This review discusses the types of glycoconjugates implicated in fertilization and the complementary lectinlike proteins found on sperm.Key Words: Sperm, Eggs, Glycosaminoglycans, Glycoconjugates, Glycoproteins, Zona pellucida, Capacitation, Acrosorne reaction, Fertilization cess differ between species, there is remarkable conservation in the ability of sperm to use glycoconjugates in reproductive tract secretions or in the egg extracellular matrix and vitelline membrane for fertilization-related events. This review summarizes research from various animals in which glycoconjugates are important in sperm-egg interaction. It contrasts differences between species at the point of the fertilization process where carbohydrates interact with sperm. Furthermore, a structural comparison between each of the carbohydrates is presented.An understanding of fertilization-related events is necessary prior to a discussion of the potential molecules involved in sperm-egg interaction. There are differences between species in the events occurring both before and during sperm-egg interaction. These events are best understood in sea urchins and mice, although there is recent information from other species. A diagram of sperm-egg interaction in sea urchins is shown in Figure

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Section: Induction Of the Acrosome Reaction By Egg Jelly Glycoconjugatementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This review focuses on the importance of carbohydrates in these events. More detailed information on fertilization may be found in other recent reviews (Garbers, 1989;Ruiz-Bravo et al, 1989;Yanagimachi 1988). 'The definition of capacitation has been altered by some researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbohydrates and fertilization in animals

Miller

1990

Molecular Reproduction Devel

120

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“…Research into the first events of the fertilization process has now progressed to the point at which questions of a detailed biochemical nature can be asked and answered. This is specially true for the sea urchin (see the review by Ruiz-Bravo and Lennarz, 1989), mammals (see the review by Wassarman, 1987;Saling, 19891, and to some extent for tunicates (see the review by Rosati, 1985). Glycoproteins on the part of the egg coats (Rosati, 1985;Wassarman, 1987;Focarelli et al, 1988;Garbers, 1989) and lectin-like molecules (Vacquier and Moy, 1977) or enzymes (Rosati, 1985;Shur, 1989) on the part of the sperm have been postulated as receptors for the binding events between the communicating gametes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The vitelline coat spikes: A new peculiar structure of Mytilus galloprovincialis eggs with a role in sperm‐egg interaction

Focarelli

Rosa

Rosati

1991

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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In the course of this study we found that in Mytilus galloprovincialis eggs long filamentous protrusions never described before, which we have termed "vitelline coat spikes," could be clearly detected using the lectin from Dolichos biflorus, which recognizes the GalNAc residues. The spikes could be also observed by transmission electron microscope but only in some fortuitous sections could their origin in the vitelline coat be clearly observed. The spikes were also clearly visible using the scanning electron microscope. Observations of the sperm-egg interaction very few seconds after insemination or using fixed eggs suggested that the spikes could play a role in a primary binding to the unreacted sperm. Experiments have been done to test the effect of GalNAc on the sperm-egg binding and on the fertilization process which seem to confirm this hypothesis.

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“…Reports on spermatozoon surface glycoproteins have referred to mammals (Eddy, 1988) and to invertebrate species in which surface glycoproteins also seem to be an important factor in the recognition between gametes during fertilization, as has been well documented in ciona (Rosati, 1985), Limulus (Barnum and Brown, 1983) and the sea urchin (Ruiz-Bravo and Lennarz, 1989). In insects, analyses on Orthoptera and Drosophila have recently shown the presence of different terminal sugars in the male gamete (Esponda and Guerra, 1991;Perotti and Riva, 1988a), suggesting species-specific differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%