Receptor model based identification of PM2.5 sources in Canadian cities

Jeong, Cheol–Heon; McGuire, Michael; Herod, Dennis; Dann, Tom; Da̧bek-Złotorzyńska, Ewa; Wang, Daniel; Ding, Luyi; Celo, Valbona; Mathieu, David; Evans, Greg J.

doi:10.5094/apr.2011.021

Cited by 88 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…OP can be a marker for wood smoke and biomass burning; Chow et al (2004) report OP factors for a variety of wood and vegetative burns ranging from 2 to 25%. Jeong et al (2011) identified a biomass-burning factor based on high concentrations of K, OP, and EC1. Chow et al also suggest that the K/Fe ratio can be used as a tracer for wood smoke, with a range of 3-230.…”

Section: Wood Smoke/aged Wood Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Kelly

Kotchenruther

Kuprov

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Section: Wood Smoke/aged Wood Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Kelly

Kotchenruther

Kuprov

et al. 2013

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Fine (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm) and ultrafine (aerodynamic diameter <100 nm) PM are of specific concern because of their larger surface area/particle number and potential to penetrate the lungs all the way to the alveolar/capillary border (Oberdorster et al 2005). While fine PM concentrations may be elevated both at urban and rural sites, ultrafine PM is often higher in urban areas (Jeong et al 2011;Dabek-Zlotorzynska et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Characterization of the University of Toronto Coarse, Fine, and Ultrafine High-Volume Particle Concentrator Systems

Rastogi¹,

McWhinney²,

Akhtar³

et al. 2012

Aerosol Science and Technology

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Particle concentrators allow exposure to controlled levels of concentrated ambient particulate matter (PM) over a broad range of concentrations. The performance of these systems can be influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of PM and so it is vital to characterize the concentrators at a given site. The quasiultrafine PM (<0.2 µm), fine PM (0.15-2.5 µm), and coarse PM (2.5-10 µm) concentrators at the Southern Ontario Center for Atmospheric Aerosol Research (SOCAAR), University of Toronto, were characterized as a part of the "Health Effects of Aerosols in Toronto (HEAT)" campaign held during February-March, 2010. The full size distributions of ambient and concentrated particles were simultaneously measured in terms of number, surface area, and volume using high time-resolution instruments. Examination of the complete size distribution, including the unconcentrated particles beyond the cutpoints of the concentrator systems, revealed that particles in the unconcentrated size ranges made significant contributions to the particle number and surface area present in the concentrated airstreams of fine and coarse concentrators. Further transients in the ambient ultrafine particle concentrations were evident as dampened signals in these concentrated airstreams. The ultrafine concentrator exhibited a significant size shift when the ambient particle size distribution had a mode ≤30 nm. OverReceived 22 July 2011; accepted 29 March 2012. Funding for SOCAAR was provided by the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Innovation Trust, and the Ontario Research Fund. Operational funding for this study was provided by NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) and CIHR (Canadian Institutes of Health Research). We also thank Gang Lu for his help in setting up the GRIMM dust monitor.Address correspondence to Neeraj Rastogi, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad 380 009, India. E-mail: neeraj6676@gmail.com all the fine and coarse concentrators provided a reasonable concentrated reproduction of the ambient PM mass while questions remain regarding the representativeness of the ultrafine concentrator.

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“…Chow et al, 2004;Jeong et al, 2011;Becagli et al, 2012). The temporal variations of the Ni-V factor in the PMFmetal analysis exhibited no strong weekday/weekend differences.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A p-value of < 0.01 was used to assess the statistically significance in the correlation analysis. In order to identify the most probable direction of local sources, the conditional probability function (CPF, Ashbaugh et al, 1985;Jeong et al, 2011) was evaluated for each source…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Source Apportionment of Urban Particulate Matter using Hourly Resolved Trace Metals, Organics, and Inorganic Aerosol Components

Jeong

Wang

Evans

2016

Preprint

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Abstract. Source apportionment analysis of hourly resolved particulate matter (PM) speciation data was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF). The data were measured at an urban site in downtown Toronto, Canada during two campaign periods (April-July, 2013;November, 2013-February, 2014, and included trace metals, black carbon, and mass 10 spectra for organic and inorganic species (PMFFull). The chemical composition was measured by collocated high time resolution instrumentation, including an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor, an Xact metals monitor, and a seven-wavelength Aethalometer. Separate PMF analyses were conducted using the trace metal only data (PMFmetal) and organic mass spectra only (PMForg), and compared with the PMFFull results. Comparison of these three PMF analyses demonstrated that the full analysis offered many advantages in the apportionment of local and regional sources compared to using the organic or metals data 15 individually. In combining the high time resolution data, this analysis enabled i) the quantification of metal-rich sources of PM2.5 (PM < 2.5 μm), ii) the resolution of more robust factor profiles and contributions, and iii) the identification of additional organic aerosol sources.Nine factors were identified through the PMFFull analysis: five local factors (i.e. Road Dust, Primary Vehicle Emissions, Tire Wear, Cooking, and Industrial Sector) and four regional factors (i.e. Biomass Burning, Oxidised Organics, Sulphate and 20Oxidised Organics, and Nitrate and Oxidised Organics). The majority of the metal emissions (83%) and almost half of the black carbon (49%) were associated with the three traffic-related factors which, on average, contributed a minority (17%) of the overall PM2.5 mass. Strong seasonal patterns were observed for the traffic-related emissions: higher contributions of resuspended road dust in spring vs. a winter high for tire wear related emissions. Biomass Burning contributed the majority of the PM2.5 mass (52%) in June and July due to a major forest fire event. Much of this mass was due to photochemical aging of the biomass 25 burning aerosol. On average, industrially related factors contributed almost half (49%) of the PM2.5; most of this mass was secondary aerosol species. Nitrate coupled with highly oxidised organics was the largest contributor, accounting for 30% of PM2.5 on average, with higher levels in winter and at night. Including the temporal variabilities of inorganic ions and trace metals in the PMFFull analysis provided additional structure to subdivide the low volatility oxidised organic aerosol into three sources.Resuspended road dust was identified as a potential source of aged organic aerosol. 30The novelty of this study is the application of PMF receptor modeling to hourly resolved trace metals in conjunction with organic mass spectra, inorganic species, and black carbon for different seasons, and the comparison of separate PMF analyses applied to metals or organics alone. The inclusion of these different types of hourly data all...

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Receptor model based identification of PM2.5 sources in Canadian cities

Cited by 88 publications

References 25 publications

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol

Physical Characterization of the University of Toronto Coarse, Fine, and Ultrafine High-Volume Particle Concentrator Systems

Source Apportionment of Urban Particulate Matter using Hourly Resolved Trace Metals, Organics, and Inorganic Aerosol Components

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