“…Thus, NR4A1 appear to be involved in cell growth and survival, but the detailed mechanisms are still largely unknown. Apoptosis Contradictory to its apparent role in cell survival, NR4A1 also activates several genes involved in cell apoptosis as well as translocating directly into mitochondria to enhance the apoptotic signal (Li et al, 2000;Lin et al, 2004;Zhang et al, 1999). For example, NR4A1 induces apoptosis in cultured prostate cancer cells through activation of the transcription factor E2F1 (Mu and Chang, 2003;Wilson et al, 2003).…”