Receptivity characteristics of under-expanded supersonic impinging jets

Characteristics of acoustic and hydrodynamic waves in under-expanded supersonic impinging jets

“…(2019) and our previous numerical experiment (Karami et al. 2018 a , 2019, 2020). The significance of this NPR is that at this NPR the initial formation of a small Mach disk (large enough to be captured by the resolution of the simulation) is observable.…”

“…2016 a ; Stegeman, Soria & Ooi 2016 b ; Karami et al. 2018 a , b , 2019, 2020; Amjad et al. 2020; Sikroria et al.…”

“…It was found that the high resolution at the sharp edge of the nozzle is necessary to capture the receptivity at the nozzle lip (Karami et al. 2020). Some aspects of the shock-capturing scheme and its influence on the computational cost of LES were also investigated in our previous study (Karami et al.…”

“…Large-eddy simulations An in-house developed high-fidelity LES parallel code (ECNSS) with a novel shock identification and capturing method is used for this study. This code has been developed, tested and validated in previous studies (Stegeman et al 2016a;Stegeman, Soria & Ooi 2016b;Karami et al 2018aKarami et al ,b, 2019Karami et al , 2020Amjad et al 2020;Sikroria et al 2020). It solves the filtered non-dimensionalised compressible Navier-Stokes equations in the cylindrical coordinate system.…”

“…These acoustic waves travel upstream and excite further instabilities at the nozzle lip through the receptivity mechanism (Karami et al. 2020).…”