Receptive Field Properties of Neurons in the Early Visual Cortex Revealed by Local Spectral Reverse Correlation

Nishimoto, Shinji; Ishida, T.; Ohzawa, Izumi

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4558-05.2006

Cited by 53 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Then, optimal orientations and SFs for grating stimuli were measured for both eyes by subspace mapping and/or drifting gratings (Nishimoto et al 2005). The RFs of the cells were also measured using a standard reverse correlation procedure with dense white noise stimuli (Nishimoto et al 2006;Sasaki and Ohzawa 2007) in most cases. The stimulus size was set to be slightly (approximately 10 -30%) larger than the RF size determined by the above reverse correlation procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of excitation and suppression in shaping spatial frequency selectivity of V1 neurons as revealed by binocular measurements

Ninomiya

Sanada

Ohzawa

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Ninomiya T, Sanada TM, Ohzawa I. Contributions of excitation and suppression in shaping spatial frequency selectivity of V1 neurons as revealed by binocular measurements. J Neurophysiol 107: 2220 -2231, 2012. First published January 11, 2012 doi:10.1152/jn.00832.2010Neurons in the early visual cortex are generally highly sensitive to stimuli presented to the two eyes. However, the majority of studies on spatial and temporal aspects of neural responses were based on monocular measurements. To study neurons under more natural, i.e., binocular, conditions, we presented sinusoidal gratings of a variety of spatial frequencies (SF) dichoptically in rapid sequential flashes and analyzed the data using a binocular reverse correlation technique for neurons in cat area 17. The resulting set of data represents a frequencydomain binocular receptive field from which detailed selectivities, both monocular and binocular, could be obtained. Consistent with previous studies, the responses could generally be explained by linear summation of inputs from the two eyes. Suppressive responses were also observed and were delayed typically by 5-15 ms relative to excitatory responses. However, we have found more diverse nature of suppressive responses than those reported previously. The optimal suppressive frequency could be either higher or lower than that of the excitatory responses. The bandwidth of SF tuning of the suppressive responses was usually broader than that of the excitatory responses. Cells with lower optimal SFs for suppression tended to show high optimal SFs and sharp tuning curves. The dynamic shift of optimal SF from low to high SF was accompanied by suppression with earlier onset and higher peak SF or later onset and lower peak SF than excitation. These results suggest that the suppression plays an essential role in generating the temporal dynamics of SF selectivity.frequency-domain binocular receptive field; cat area 17; reverse correlation VISUAL INFORMATION IS SEPARATELY acquired from two retinae and is first integrated in the early visual cortex. Since Wiesel (1959, 1962) showed that many of the neurons in the early visual cortex could be activated by inputs from either eye, the nature of binocular information processing has been one of the major interests in this stage (Anzai et al. 1999a,b; Bishop et al. 1971;Cumming and DeAngelis 2001; Ohzawa and Freeman 1986a,b;Ohzawa et al. 1990Ohzawa et al. , 1996Ohzawa et al. , 1997Pettigrew et al. 1968).Previous studies performing binocular measurement have mainly been focused on its characteristics in the space domain because the response properties of neurons in the early visual cortex are generally well-described in this domain. However, neurons in this stage exhibit high selectivity for the spatial frequency (SF;Campbell et al. 1969;De Valois et al. 1982;Maffei and Fiorentini 1973), and therefore the SF domain is also useful for capturing the feature of their responses. Many previous studies have revealed the properties of monocular responses in the SF domain Jones...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contributions of excitation and suppression in shaping spatial frequency selectivity of V1 neurons as revealed by binocular measurements

Ninomiya

Sanada

Ohzawa

2012

Journal of Neurophysiology

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“…To examine the reliability of estimation of preferred orientation, we asked whether preferred orientation was stable during dichoptic dynamic noise stimulation for each eye. Spike-triggered noise patterns windowed by the actual RF envelope were averaged in the spatial frequency domain separately for each eye to obtain tuning curves for orientation (David et al, 2004;Nishimoto et al, 2006). When the former and latter trials were analyzed separately, the cell presented in Figure 10 A showed consistent preferred orientation between the two time intervals (⌬orientation, 3°; p ϭ 0.34, bootstrap test for the left eye; ⌬ori-entaion, 3°; p ϭ 0.28, bootstrap test for the right eye).…”

Section: Binocular Rfs In 3d Space and Disparity Tunings At Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An alternative approach, as used in this study, is to stimulate the entire RF but to analyze a limited portion of stimuli that are triggered by spikes (Nishimoto et al, 2006) or to build and verify a model with a bank of spatially localized filters (Wu et al, 2006;Willmore et al, 2010). Although the latter strategy is computationally demanding, it requires a small number of physiological experiments in the end because it allows one to customize stimuli minimally during experiments and to test various models or hypotheses during data analysis.…”

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confidence: 99%

Complex Cells in the Cat Striate Cortex Have Multiple Disparity Detectors in the Three-Dimensional Binocular Receptive Fields

Sasaki¹,

Tabuchi²,

Ohzawa³

2010

J. Neurosci.

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Along the visual pathway, neurons generally become more specialized for signaling a limited subset of stimulus attributes and become more invariant to changes in the stimulus position within the receptive fields (RFs). One of the likely mechanisms underlying such invariance appears to be pooling of detectors located at different positions. Does such spatial pooling occur for disparity-selective neurons in primary visual cortex? To examine whether the three-dimensional (3D) binocular RFs are constructed by pooling detectors for binocular disparity, we investigated binocular interactions in the 3D space for neurons in the cat striate cortex. Approximately one-third of complex cells showed the spatial pooling of disparity detectors to a significant degree, whereas the majority of simple cells did not. The degree of spatial pooling of disparity detectors along the preferred orientation axis was generally larger than that along the axis orthogonal to the orientation axis. We then reconstructed 3D binocular RFs in their complete form and examined their structures. Disparity tuning curves were compared across positions along the orientation axis in the RFs. A small population of cells appeared to show a gradual shift of the preferred disparity along this axis, indicating that they can potentially signal inclination in the 3D space. However, the majority of cells exhibited a position-invariant disparity tuning. Finally, disparity tuning curves were examined for all oblique angles in addition to horizontal and vertical. Tunings were broadest along the orientation axis as the disparity energy model predicts.

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“…With these techniques, spike-triggered stimuli are first converted to their spectra in the spatial frequency domain by the Fourier transform, and then they are averaged in the frequency domain separately for different phases (David et al 2004) or without regard to phase (Nishimoto et al 2006;Ringach et al 1997). Spectral representation potentially enables suppressive responses, such as suppression at low spatial frequency and cross-orientation suppression, to be dissociated from excitatory responses Nishimoto et al 2006;. These suppressive responses are masked by excitatory responses in second-order interaction analysis because they are usually overlapped in the space domain.…”

Section: Relationship To Other Studies On Internal Organizations Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal Spatial Organization of Receptive Fields of Complex Cells in the Early Visual Cortex

Sasaki

Ohzawa²

2007

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Sasaki KS, Ohzawa I. Internal spatial organization of receptive fields of complex cells in the early visual cortex. J Neurophysiol 98: 1194 -1212, 2007. First published July 25, 2007; doi:10.1152/jn.00429.2007. The receptive fields of complex cells in the early visual cortex are economically modeled by combining outputs of a quadrature pair of linear filters. For actual complex cells, such a minimal model may be insufficient because many more simple cells are thought to make up a complex cell receptive field. To examine the minimalist model physiologically, we analyzed spatial relationships between the internal structure (subunits) and the overall receptive fields of individual complex cells by a two-stimulus interaction technique. The receptive fields of complex cells are more circular and only slightly larger than their subunits in size. In addition, complex cell subunits occupy spatial extents similar to those of simple cell receptive fields. Therefore in these respects, the minimalist schema is a fair approximation to actual complex cells. However, there are violations against the minimal model. Simple cell receptive fields have significantly fewer subregions than complex cell subunits and, in general, simple cell receptive fields are elongated more horizontally than vertically. This bias is absent in complex cell subunits and receptive fields. Thus simple cells cannot be equated to individual complex cell subunits and spatial pooling of simple cells may occur anisotropically to constitute a complex cell subunit. Moreover, when linear filters for complex cell subunits are examined separately for bright and dark responses, there are significant imbalances and position displacements between them. This suggests that actual complex cell receptive fields are constructed by a richer combination of linear filters than proposed by the minimalist model.

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Receptive Field Properties of Neurons in the Early Visual Cortex Revealed by Local Spectral Reverse Correlation

Cited by 53 publications

References 42 publications

Contributions of excitation and suppression in shaping spatial frequency selectivity of V1 neurons as revealed by binocular measurements

Contributions of excitation and suppression in shaping spatial frequency selectivity of V1 neurons as revealed by binocular measurements

Complex Cells in the Cat Striate Cortex Have Multiple Disparity Detectors in the Three-Dimensional Binocular Receptive Fields

Internal Spatial Organization of Receptive Fields of Complex Cells in the Early Visual Cortex

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