Receptive field organization of bipolar and amacrine cells in the goldfish retina

Abstract

SUMMARY1. Intracellular recordings were made from bipolar and amacrine cells in the isolated goldfish retina. Cells were identified mainly from their response patterns to a spot and an annulus in reference to the knowledge obtained from the previous work of intracellular Procion Yellow injection. Using white light and monochromatic lights receptive field organization of recorded cells were analysed.2. All bipolar cells had a centre-surround organization in their receptive fields. The field centre was estimated to be ,tm in diameter, and the surround 1-1 5 mm.3. Bipolar cells were classified into two types according to the response properties to monochromatic lights. Opponent colour cells received inputs from red and green cones, responding with red on-centre, red and green off-surround or vice versa. Cells without colour coding received input from red cones both in the field centre and the surround. In these cells the centre and the surround were well balanced.4. Amacrine cells were also classified into two types, a sustained type and a transient type. The sustained type amacrine cells responded with a steady potential change and were colour coded. They were hyperpolarized by red and depolarized by green light. The transient type amacrine cells responded with transient depolarization at on and off of light flashes. They received input chiefly from red cones and were not colour coded. Both types of amacrine cells showed a large spatial summation in an area over 2-5 mm; centre-surround antagonism was not seen.5. Comparing the size of the receptive field with anatomy, especially with the size of dendritic spread, the field centre of bipolar cells agreed in size with their dendritic spread. Bipolar cell surround clearly exceeded its dendritic field. Since the response properties of the bipolar cell surround

The dynamic neural code of the retina for natural scenes

“…Receptive fields were computed by the standard method of reverse correlating the activity of model units with a white noise input. We found that the receptive fields of CNN units had the well-known structure of retinal interneurons 20,21 , with a spatially localized center-surround structure ( Fig. 2A-B, Extended Data, Fig.…”

Active Roles of Electrically Coupled Bipolar Cell Network in the Adult Retina

“…Retinal bipolar cells respond to light stimulation with graded potentials (Werblin and Dowling, 1969;Kaneko, 1973). However, recent studies have shown that bipolar cells have the ability to generate Ca (2003)].…”

“…Although existence of gap junctions between BCs was reported more than two decades ago (Kujiraoka and Saito, 1986), their properties and functional roles have not yet been elucidated. It is generally accepted that retinal BCs respond to light stimulation with graded potentials (Werblin and Dowling, 1969;Kaneko, 1973). However, recent studies show that some types of BCs have the ability to generate Ca 2ϩ and/or Na ϩ spikes [Ca 2ϩ spikes: Burrone and Lagnado (1997), Zenisek and Matthews (1998), Protti et al (2000), Hull et al (2006), Palmer (2006), and Hu et al (2009); Na ϩ spikes: Ma et al (2005); Ca 2ϩ and Na ϩ spikes: Ma and Pan (2003)].…”

Receptive field organization of ganglion cells in the frog retina: contributions from cones, green rods and red rods.

“…These two inputs usually affect the bipolars in opposite ways. A bipolar cell, which hyperpolarizes when stimulated directly by receptors, will depolarize when driven indirectly by horizontal cells, and vice versa (Werblin & Dowling, 1969;Kaneko, 1970Kaneko, , 1973Werblin, 1974). These opposite bipolar responses seem to produce the antagonistic on-off responses of simply organized ganglion cells (Werblin & Dowling, 1969;Kaneko, 1973).…”

“…A bipolar cell, which hyperpolarizes when stimulated directly by receptors, will depolarize when driven indirectly by horizontal cells, and vice versa (Werblin & Dowling, 1969;Kaneko, 1970Kaneko, , 1973Werblin, 1974). These opposite bipolar responses seem to produce the antagonistic on-off responses of simply organized ganglion cells (Werblin & Dowling, 1969;Kaneko, 1973). The class 4 cells in the frog retina, which receive on signals RECEPTIVE FIELDS OF FROG GANGLION CELLS 101 with long latency from the green rods and off signals from the cones (Reuter & Virtanen, 1972), behave as if they were driven by bipolars receiving direct inputs from cones and horizontal cell-mediated signals from the green rods.…”