Recently amplified arctic warming has contributed to a continual global warming trend

Huang, Jianbin; Zhang, Xiangdong; Zhang, Qiyi; Wang, Danyang; Hao, Mingju; Luo, Yong; Zhao, Zongci; Yao, Yao; Chen, Xin; Wang, Lei; Nie, Suping; Yin, Yan; Xu, Ying; Zhang, Jiansong

doi:10.1038/s41558-017-0009-5

Cited by 251 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Similar to a previous analysis (Commane et al, ; Jeong et al, ), we also found warming significantly increased cold season respiration during the 2015/2016 El Niño year, which offset carbon uptake enhancement from earlier growing season onset and warmer temperatures during the subsequent spring within the ABoVE domain. If a faster rate of cold season warming unfolds as predicted, the magnitude and duration of cold season respiration carbon loss will be greatly enhanced (Natali et al, ; Webb et al, ; Zona et al, ), and potentially switch high‐latitude ecosystems from a net carbon sink to a carbon source, thereby reinforcing a positive carbon–climate feedback in the Earth system (Huang et al, ; Koven et al, ; Schaefer, Lantuit, Romanovsky, Schuur, & Witt, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Liu

Kimball

Parazoo

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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Arctic and boreal ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon (C) budget, and whether they act as a future net C sink or source depends on climate and environmental change. Here, we used complementary in situ measurements, model simulations, and satellite observations to investigate the net carbon dioxide (CO2) seasonal cycle and its climatic and environmental controls across Alaska and northwestern Canada during the anomalously warm winter to spring conditions of 2015 and 2016 (relative to 2010–2014). In the warm spring, we found that photosynthesis was enhanced more than respiration, leading to greater CO2 uptake. However, photosynthetic enhancement from spring warming was partially offset by greater ecosystem respiration during the preceding anomalously warm winter, resulting in nearly neutral effects on the annual net CO2 balance. Eddy covariance CO2 flux measurements showed that air temperature has a primary influence on net CO2 exchange in winter and spring, while soil moisture has a primary control on net CO2 exchange in the fall. The net CO2 exchange was generally more moisture limited in the boreal region than in the Arctic tundra. Our analysis indicates complex seasonal interactions of underlying C cycle processes in response to changing climate and hydrology that may not manifest in changes in net annual CO2 exchange. Therefore, a better understanding of the seasonal response of C cycle processes may provide important insights for predicting future carbon–climate feedbacks and their consequences on atmospheric CO2 dynamics in the northern high latitudes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Liu

Kimball

Parazoo

et al. 2019

Global Change Biology

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“…The Arctic (60–90°N) is warming up to six times faster than the global mean (Huang et al, ; Serreze & Barry, ) with consequences for nearly every aspect of Arctic ecosystems, including geochemical, hydrological, and biological cycles. For example, the warming of Arctic permafrost by 3–4 °C in the Arctic Coastal Plain and 1–2 °C in the Brooks Range in Alaska has led to significant permafrost degradation (Osterkamp, ), specifically a deeper active layer (i.e., the seasonally thawed layer) and permafrost thaw (Frey & McClelland, ; O'Donnell et al, ; Osterkamp, ; Schuur et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic River Dissolved and Biogenic Silicon Exports—Current Conditions and Future Changes With Warming

Carey

Gewirtzman

Johnston

et al. 2020

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Silicon (Si) exports from terrestrial to marine systems can dictate phytoplankton species composition in Arctic coastal waters. Diatoms are often the dominant autotroph in Arctic waters, making Si an important control on Arctic marine primary productivity. Yet even as Arctic regions are among the fastest warming on Earth, we lack baseline knowledge on the magnitudes and controls of Arctic river Si exports. To address uncertainties in current and future Si behavior, we used a combination of field data and modeling to quantify daily yields of dissolved Si (DSi) and biogenic Si (BSi) from a 400 km space‐for‐time latitudinal gradient of seven basins across the boreal‐Arctic transition in Alaska (United States) over the course of 2 years (2015–2016). Mean annual DSi concentrations (33–149 μM) and yields (13–49 kmol km−2 year−1) were significantly and positively correlated with mean basin active layer depth, indicating that permafrost thaw will likely increase DSi fluxes to Arctic coastal waters. Conversely, BSi concentrations (7–16 μM) and yields (2.6–4.5 kmol km−2 year−1) were more uniform across the seven basins, indicating that warming may not substantially alter BSi loads to coastal systems in the near future. Our data also indicate that climatic warming will advance the timing of Si delivery to coastal waters in the spring, although the ratios of Si to nitrogen in Arctic river exports will likely remain steady. These results highlight the important role of basin hydrology, largely driven by permafrost extent, as a key driver of Si exchange at the land‐sea interface in the Arctic.

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“…The Arctic has warmed more than twice the global mean since the mid‐1950s and, in particular, more than six times the global mean since the late 1990s (Huang et al, ). This is a phenomenon commonly known as Arctic amplification (AA), which has been found in the observed and modeled climate changes (IPCC, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Radiative Feedbacks Over the Arctic Based on Observed Short‐Term Climate Variations

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2018

Geophysical Research Letters

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We compare various radiative feedbacks over the Arctic (60–90°N) estimated from short‐term climate variations occurring in reanalysis, satellite, and global climate model data sets using the combined Kernel‐Gregory approach. The lapse rate and surface albedo feedbacks are positive, and their magnitudes are comparable. Relative to the tropics (30°S–30°N), the lapse rate feedback is the largest contributor to Arctic amplification among all feedbacks, followed by surface albedo feedback and Planck feedback deviation from its global mean. Both shortwave and longwave water vapor feedbacks are positive, leading to a significant positive net water vapor feedback over the Arctic. The net cloud feedback has large uncertainties including its sign, which strongly depends on the data used for all‐sky and clear‐sky radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere, the time periods considered, and the methods used to estimate the cloud feedback.

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Recently amplified arctic warming has contributed to a continual global warming trend

Cited by 251 publications

References 26 publications

Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Increased high‐latitude photosynthetic carbon gain offset by respiration carbon loss during an anomalous warm winter to spring transition

Arctic River Dissolved and Biogenic Silicon Exports—Current Conditions and Future Changes With Warming

Local Radiative Feedbacks Over the Arctic Based on Observed Short‐Term Climate Variations

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