Recent Trends in Waist Circumference and Waist-Height Ratio Among US Children and Adolescents

Li, Chaoyang; Ford, Earl S.; Mokdad, Ali H.; Cook, Stephen

doi:10.1542/peds.2006-1062

Cited by 419 publications

(363 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…1,6 Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm without shoes on a portable stadiometer. 1 WC was measured with a steel measuring tape to the nearest 0.1 cm at the high point of the iliac crest at minimal respiration when the participant was in a standing position.…”

Section: Measurements and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 WC was measured with a steel measuring tape to the nearest 0.1 cm at the high point of the iliac crest at minimal respiration when the participant was in a standing position. 6 Abdominal obesity is defined as WC greater than or equal to the genderand age-specific 90th percentile based on data from NHANES III (1988)(1989)(1990)(1991)(1992)(1993)(1994). 6 In addition, a WHtR $0.5 defined abdominal obesity for youth aged 6 to 18 years because this cutoff may overestimate the prevalence of abdominal obesity in children aged 2 to 5 years.…”

Section: Measurements and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abdominal obesity among US children and adolescents increased dramatically between 1988 to 1994 and 1999 to 2004 according to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and the continuous NHANES 1999 to 2004. 6 However, it is unclear whether abdominal obesity has continued to increase since 2004.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Trends in Abdominal Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents

Xi¹,

Zhao³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of abdominal obesity among US children and adolescents increased significantly between 1988 to 1994 and 2003 to 2004. However, little is known about time trends in abdominal obesity since 2003 to 2004. This study was designed to provide updated national estimates of childhood abdominal obesity and examine the trends in childhood abdominal obesity from 2003 to 2012. METHODS: Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), conducted during 5 time periods (2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2011–2012). A total of 16 547 US children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years were included. Abdominal obesity is defined as a waist circumference (WC) greater than or equal to the gender- and age-specific 90th percentile based on data from NHANES III (1988–1994) or a waist/height ratio (WHtR) ≥0.5 RESULTS: In 2011 to 2012, 18.87% of children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years were abdominally obese as defined by WC; 33.29% of those aged 6 to 18 years were abdominally obese as defined by WHtR. Mean WC and WHtR and the prevalence of abdominal obesity remained stable between 2003 to 2004 and 2011 to 2012, independent of gender, age, and race or ethnicity. However, abdominal obesity decreased across survey years among non-Hispanic white children. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of abdominal obesity leveled off among US children and adolescents between 2003 to 2004 and 2011 to 2012.

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Section: Measurements and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurements and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in Abdominal Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents

Xi¹,

Zhao³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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“…Trends of increasing overweight (10) and central obesity (11) among children and adolescents are well documented. Some studies indicate that central adiposity among children may be increasing independent of weight (12,13) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Food group intake and central obesity among children and adolescents in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)

Bradlee

Singer

Qureshi

et al. 2009

Public Health Nutr.

181

147

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Objective: To explore mean food group intakes associated with central obesity anthropometry among children and adolescents enrolled in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Representative sampling of the US population (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002). Subjects: Subjects were 3761 children (5-11 years) and 1803 adolescents (12-16 years) with single 24 h dietary recalls and anthropometric measures of central body fat (waist circumference and sum of subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses). Results: Results were controlled for confounding by age, height, race/ethnicity, Tanner stage, television viewing and parental education. In younger children, there was no relationship between central adiposity and mean intakes of dairy, fruit, vegetables or grains, while a positive association with meat intake was found among boys. In adolescent boys and girls, central body fat measures were inversely associated with mean dairy and grain intakes. Adolescent boys in the highest quartile of central adiposity consumed less fruit and fewer vegetables; those in the lowest central adiposity quartile consumed less meat. Finally, adolescents who met the criteria for central obesity (waist circumference $85th percentile for age and sex) reported consuming significantly less total dairy (as well as milk and cheese separately), total grains (whole and refined) and total fruit and vegetables. There was no association with meat consumption. To test the stability of these findings, the final analysis was replicated in 2541 same-aged adolescents from NHANES 1999-2002; the results were very similar. Conclusions: These cross-sectional analyses suggest that intakes of dairy, grains and total fruits and vegetables are inversely associated with central obesity among adolescents.

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“…Nevertheless, it is important to notice that the British and the Kuwaiti data were collected more than 20 and 12 years ago, respectively, whereas data for other studies were collected in the last 6 years. The prevalence of overweight and obese children and adolescents has increased in several countries in the last decades (46) , and consequently it is possible that WC values may also have changed (47,48) . In the UK, for example, the secular increase in WC exceeded that of BMI, suggesting that assessing overweight and obesity trends only by BMI can mask the true obesity-related risk in children and adolescents (48) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference curves for BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio for Azorean adolescents (Portugal)

Santos

Moreira

Ruiz

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: There are no percentile curves for BMI, waist circumference (WC) or waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) available for Portuguese children and adolescents. The purpose of the present study was to develop age-and sex-specific BMI, WC and WHtR percentile curves for a representative sample of adolescents living in the Portuguese islands of Azores, one of the poorest regions of Europe, and to compare them with those from other countries. Design: Cross-sectional school-based study. Weight, height and WC were objectively measured according to standard procedures. Smoothed percentile curves were estimated using Cole's LMS method. Setting: Azores, Portugal. Subjects: Proportionate stratified random sample of 1500 adolescents, aged 15-18 years. Results: Results showed some sex differences in the shape of the BMI curves: in girls, the upper percentile values tend to decrease by the age of 16 and 17 years; whereas in boys, the upper percentiles tend to be flat between 15 and 16 years and then increase until the age of 18 years. In both sexes, the upper percentile values of both WC and WHtR decreased slightly by the age of 16 years and then increased steeply. In both sexes, the Azorean values for the 50th and 90th WC percentiles were higher than those reported for adolescents from the majority of other countries. Conclusions: The reference curves presented herein provide baseline data for the long-term surveillance of Azorean adolescents, as well as for national and international comparisons.

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Recent Trends in Waist Circumference and Waist-Height Ratio Among US Children and Adolescents

Abstract: Mean waist circumference and waist-height ratio and the prevalence of abdominal obesity among US children and adolescents greatly increased between 1988-1994 and 1999-2004.

Cited by 419 publications

References 37 publications

Trends in Abdominal Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents

Trends in Abdominal Obesity Among US Children and Adolescents

Food group intake and central obesity among children and adolescents in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)

Reference curves for BMI, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio for Azorean adolescents (Portugal)

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