Recent Trends in the Prevalence of High Blood Pressure and its Treatment and Control, 1999-2008

Yoon, Sung Sug; Ostchega, Yechiam; Louis, Tatiana

doi:10.1037/e665602010-001

Cited by 105 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This occurred while the prevalence of hypertension in the adult population did not change [9][10][11]21 and the control of hypertension has improved. 9,11 In the current analyses, we found that between 2003 and 2012, the percentage of hypertensive adults with optimal blood pressure or in the prehypertension range increased by 6% and 7%, respectively. This increase in hypertensive adults with optimal blood pressure or prehypertension, coupled with a lower The current study found changes in blood pressure over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…13 Only half of adults with hypertension controlled their blood pressure level to <140/90 mm Hg in 2009 to 2010. 9,10 Furthermore, disparities exist in hypertension among different groups. [14][15][16] There is a higher percentage of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension among nonHispanic blacks and Mexican Americans.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 In the United States, the prevalence of hypertension increased from 1988 to 1994 to 1999 to 2000 7,8 but remained unchanged from 1999 to 2000 to 2009 to 2010. [8][9][10] Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control increased from 1988 to 1994 to 2009 to 2010. 11,12 Despite improved management of hypertension over this time period, control of hypertension among hypertensive adults remains lower than the Healthy People 2020 goal of 62.1%.…”

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Trends in Blood Pressure Among Adults With Hypertension

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Abstract-The aim of this study is to describe trends in the awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension; mean blood pressure; and the classification of blood pressure among US adults 2003 to 2012. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003 to 2012, a total of 9255 adult participants aged ≥18 years were identified as having hypertension, defined as measured blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or taking prescription medication for hypertension. Awareness and treatment among hypertensive adults were ascertained via an interviewer administered questionnaire. Controlled hypertension among hypertensive adults was defined as systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg. Blood pressure was categorized as optimal blood pressure, prehypertension, and stage I and stage II hypertension. Between 2003 and 2012, the percentage of adults with controlled hypertension increased (P-trend <0.01).Hypertensive adults with optimal blood pressure and with prehypertension increased from 13% to 19% and 27% to 33%, respectively (P-trend <0.01 for both groups). Among hypertensive adults who were taking antihypertensive medication, uncontrolled hypertension decreased from 38% to 30% (P-trend <0.01). Similarly, a decrease in mean systolic blood pressure was observed (P-trend <0.01); however, mean diastolic blood pressure remained unchanged. The trend in the control of blood pressure has improved among hypertensive adults resulting in a higher percentage with blood pressure at the optimal or prehypertension level and a lower percentage in stage I and stage II hypertension. Overall, mean systolic blood pressure decreased as did the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension among the treated hypertensive population. (Hypertension.2015;65:54-61.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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“…The 52% of patients with chronic, controlled hypertension is consistent with reported rates for the general population. 35 There are many potential mechanisms by which chronic cigarette smoke may influence choroidal vasculature. Cigarette smoke contains a myriad of potential toxic and systemic vasoconstrictive substances [36][37][38] including nicotine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking and choroidal thickness in patients over 65 with early-atrophic age-related macular degeneration and normals

Sigler

Randolph

Calzada

et al. 2014

Eye

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Objective To compare macular choroidal thickness between cigarette smokers, those with a history of smoking, and nonsmokers in patients over 65 years of age with earlyatrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and normals. Methods Prospective, consecutive, observational case series. Enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography 12-line radial scans were performed and choroidal thickness manually quantified at 84 points in the central 3 mm of the macula. Data of normals, soft drusen alone, and soft drusen with additional features of early AMD were compared. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) model, controlling for age, was constructed to evaluate the effect of smoking history and AMD features on choroidal thickness. Results A history of smoking was significantly associated with a thinner choroid across all patients via logistic regression (P ¼ 0.004; O.R. ¼ 12.4). Mean macular choroidal thickness was thinner for smokers (148±63 mm) than for nonsmokers (181±65 mm) among all diagnosis categories (P ¼ 0.003). Subgroup analysis of patients with AMD features revealed a similar decreased choroidal thickness in smokers (121 ± 41 mm) compared with nonsmokers (146 ± 46 mm, P ¼ 0.006). Bivariate analysis revealed an association between increased pack-years of smoking and a thin choroid across all patients (Po0.001) and among patients with features of early AMD (Po0.001). Both the presence of features of macular degeneration (Po0.001) and a history of smoking (P ¼ 0.024) were associated with decreased choroidal thickness in a MANOVA model. ConclusionChronic cigarette smoke exposure may be associated with decreased choroidal thickness. There may be an anatomic sequelae to chronic tobacco smoke exposure that underlies previously reported AMD risk.

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“…Esto se puede apreciar en el estudio de Framingham, en donde se identificó un mayor riesgo en aquellos con una PP>45 mmHg y una PAD<80 mmHg (6) . Asimismo, este fenómeno sería posible identificarlo en personas con hipertensión sistólica aislada, en donde, según registro NHANES (7) de 1999-2006, hasta 46% de las no tratadas y hasta 41% de las tratadas tienen una presión diastólica menor de 70 mmHg.…”

Section: Curva J Asociada a Aumento De La Rigidez Arterialunclassified

Curva J. Controversias

Velarde¹

2011

An Fac med

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Resumen Para el logro de un óptimo control de la hipertensión arterial, además de entender adecuadamente su base fisiopatológica, clínica, terapéutica, se requiere conocer el sustento que poseen las recomendaciones sobre los objetivos de tratamiento, así como los beneficios y riesgos del mismo. En este sentido, una consecuencia descrita asociada al manejo antihipertensivo es la presencia de la curva J, es decir la presencia de un aumento de riesgo cardiovascular asociado a la reducción de la presión diastólica. Si bien esta curva ha sido debatida por muchos años, existen múltiples reportes sobre su existencia y su impacto sobre la morbimortalidad, por lo cual constituye una referencia importante en el momento de establecer nuestros objetivos de tratamiento. Palabras clave: Enfermedades cardiovasculares; presión sanguínea; curva J. AbstractOptimal control of hypertension requires knowledge of the pathophysiologic, clinical and therapeutic mechanisms, as well as support of recommendations on treatment goals, benefits and risks. Consequence of antihypertensive management is the presence of the J-curve that represents the presence of increased cardiovascular risk associated with diastolic pressure reduction. Although this curve has been debated for years, there are numerous reports about its existence and impact on morbidity and mortality, thereby providing an important reference when setting our goals of treatment. Key words: Cardiovascular diseases; blood pressure; J curve. An Fac med. 2010;71(4):245-9Es un hecho abiertamente demostrado que un adecuado control de la presión arterial reduce la morbimortalidad de los pacientes con hipertensión arterial. El séptimo reporte del Joint Nacional Committee (1) , vigente desde el 2003, considera una presión arterial normal como aquella PAS<120 mmHg y PAD<80 mmHg, prediciendo una duplicación del riesgo de mortalidad por cada aumento de 20 mmHg de presión sistólica o 10 mmHg de presión diastolica. Por otro lado, las guías europeas estiman como presión arterial normal aquella PAS de 120 a 129 mmHg y PAD de 80 a 84 mmHg. Al considerar grupos específicos de tratamiento, existen recomendaciones para presiones objetivo, como <130/80 mmHg en pacientes de riesgo alto -como en diabetes mellitus o enfermedad renal crónica-y una presión de 125/75 mmHg en pacientes nefrópa-tas con proteinuria >1 g/día. Bajo estos lineamientos, la Sociedad Británica de Hipertensión (2) , en 2004, recomendó una política de 'menor es mejor', para el manejo óptimo de la presión arterial.Sin embargo, existe otra consideración. Stewart (3) , en 1979, sugirió que una reducción excesiva de la presión sanguínea diastólica relacionada al tratamiento antihipertensivo se asociaba a un aumento de muertes por enfermedad arterial coronaria. Es así que se empezó a comunicar la presencia de una curva J, la cual ha sido materia de debate por muchos anos.El fenómeno de curva J se define como el riesgo no linear de incremento de eventos cardiovasculares [enfermedad coronaria, apoplejía (stroke) y falla cardiaca] asociados...

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Recent Trends in the Prevalence of High Blood Pressure and its Treatment and Control, 1999-2008

Cited by 105 publications

References 3 publications

Trends in Blood Pressure Among Adults With Hypertension

Trends in Blood Pressure Among Adults With Hypertension

Smoking and choroidal thickness in patients over 65 with early-atrophic age-related macular degeneration and normals

Curva J. Controversias

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