Recent Trends in the Improvement of the Electrochemical Response of Screen-Printed Electrodes by Their Modification with Shaped Metal Nanoparticles

Abstract

Novel sensing technologies proposed must fulfill the demands of wastewater treatment plants, the food industry, and environmental control agencies: simple, fast, inexpensive, and reliable methodologies for onsite screening, monitoring, and analysis. These represent alternatives to conventional analytical methods (ICP-MS and LC-MS) that require expensive and non-portable instrumentation. This needs to be controlled by qualified technicians, resulting moreover in a long delay between sampling and high-cost analysis. Electrochemical analysis based on screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) represents an excellent miniaturized and portable alternative due to their disposable character, good reproducibility, and low-cost commercial availability. SPEs application is widely extended, which makes it important to design functionalization strategies to improve their analytical response. In this sense, different types of nanoparticles (NPs) have been used to enhance the electrochemical features of SPEs. NPs size (1–100 nm) provides them with unique optical, mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties that give the modified SPEs increased electrode surface area, increased mass-transport rate, and faster electron transfer. Recent progress in nanoscale material science has led to the creation of reproducible, customizable, and simple synthetic procedures to obtain a wide variety of shaped NPs. This mini-review attempts to present an overview of the enhancement of the electrochemical response of SPEs when NPs with different morphologies are used for their surface modification

Electrochemical Determination of Chlorogenic Acid in Nutraceuticals Using Voltammetric Sensors Based on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Modified with Graphene and Gold Nanoparticles

“…The values obtained are presented in Table 4. The D values obtained for the CGA with SPEs are comparable with those obtained with other carbon-based sensors reported in the literature [32,33]. Metallic nanomaterials, particularly gold nanoparticles, have the capacity to facilitate the transfer of electrons due to their excellent conductivity [34,36], having a large surface-to-volume ratio and a very good biological compatibility [36].…”

“…In the past decades, nanostructured materials have aroused dramatic interests and have become an intensive research area due to their high specific surface area, finite small size, high porosity, and unique physical and chemical properties [32].…”

Emerging Biosensors to Detect Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Review

“…This makes the SPE-based electrochemical biosensor a potential tool for on-site measurement in remote regions with limited resources. Moreover, the electroanalytical performance and sensitivity of the sensor can be enhanced by modifying the SPE working electrode surface with nanomaterials such as gold nanoparticles, graphene and carbon nanotubes to increase the electroactive area of the electrode for further immobilisation of biomolecules such as antibodies, protein or nucleic acid [ 75 , 76 , 77 ]. Graphene are two-dimensional carbon nanomaterials, in which the carbon atoms are positioned in a hexagonal honeycomb lattice [ 78 ], whereas carbon nanotubes are an allotropic form of carbon that can be rolled up into cylindrical tubes (e.g., single-walled or multi-walled) [ 79 ].…”

Customized Screen-Printed Electrodes Based on Ag-Nanoseeds for Enhanced Electroanalytical Response towards Cd(II), Pb(II) and As(V) in Aqueous Samples

“…In particular, electrochemical sensors represent a versatile tool for monitoring different samples in the environmental field. In addition, the literature has reported how modifying their surface with nanomaterials enhanced the electrochemical reactivity and sensitivity to specific analytes [9], allowing lower detection limits and higher sensitivity for stripping techniques [10][11][12].…”

“…MNPs-modified sensors have been reported to allow the detection of arsenic [17,18], lead [19,20], and cadmium [21,22] at the level of a few µg L −1 , fulfilling the WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality [2]. These sensors were based on screen-printing technology, offering significant advantages over conventional voltammetric sensors such as low-cost, disposable character, portability, and commercial availability [1,9]. Thus, in this work, the voltammetric determination of HMIs, based on the use of carbon-nanofiber-based screenprinted electrodes (SPCNFEs) modified with silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), is proposed.…”