Recent trends in the epidemiology of non-typhoidalSalmonellain Israel, 1999–2009

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the recent trends in the epidemiology of non-typhoid Salmonella in Israel using a sentinel laboratory-based surveillance network. Between 1999 and 2009, 8758 Salmonella stool isolates were reported by five sentinel laboratories. There was a significant decrease in the incidence rate of Salmonella isolates from 70·5/100,000 in 1999 to 21·6/100,000 in 2005 followed by a slight increase to 30·3/100,000 in 2009. Of all Salmonella, 64·3% were isolated from children in the 0-4 years age group. Up to 2008, S. Enteritidis was the most prevalent serotype and in 2009 S. Infantis emerged as the most common Salmonella serotype. The decrease in the incidence of S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium and increase in S. Infantis among humans were associated with a similar trend among breeding flocks, which followed significant preventive interventions conducted against S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium infections in poultry. Tight surveillance and education of food handlers and consumers should be enhanced to reduce the foodborne transmission of Salmonella in Israel.

Integrative Analysis of Salmonellosis in Israel Reveals Association of Salmonella enterica Serovar 9,12:l,v:− with Extraintestinal Infections, Dissemination of Endemic S. enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 Biotypes, and Severe Underreporting of Outbreaks

“…In Israel, S. Typhimurium DT104 emerged during the 1990s and became the most prevalent phage type among S. Typhimurium strains. In 2008, S. Typhimurium DT104 accounted for 35.1% of all S. Typhimurium isolates (40). In recent years, there has been a decline in the prevalence of DT104 in Israel, similar to the trend reported in other countries.…”

Epidemiology of non‐typhoid Salmonella infection in the Australian Capital Territory over a 10‐year period

“…In 2011, there were 54.3 cases per 100 000 population in Australia, a 23% increase over the previous 5 years . This is in contrast with the declining incidence seen in the UK 14 and Israel and the stable incidence of NTS infection reported in the USA over a similar period in time.…”

“…Age‐related peaks in NTS notifications were seen in infants under 1 year of age and younger adults (20–39 years). Numerous studies describe the highest rate of Salmonella infection occurring in children between the ages of 0 and 4 years . The high incidence in this age group is likely to be due to highly susceptible intestinal microflora in the setting of an immature immune system, a greater tendency to place contaminated items into their mouths and a lower threshold for testing.…”

“…Numerous studies describe the highest rate of Salmonella infection occurring in children between the ages of 0 and 4 years. [11][12][13]15,17 The high incidence in this age group is likely to be due to highly susceptible intestinal microflora in the setting of an immature immune system, 18 a greater tendency to place contaminated items into their mouths and a lower threshold for testing. The peak in NTS infection in younger adults seen in this study has been described in other comparable settings 12 and could relate to poor food safety practices and increased consumption of high-risk food after leaving the family home.…”

Typing ofSalmonella entericaserovar Infantis isolates from 51 outbreaks in Germany between 1974 and 2009 by a novel phage-typing scheme

“…Current trends in the epidemiology of S. Infantis show that it is increasingly involved in human infections in several countries, e.g. Hungary, Israel and Japan [6][7][8]. In Germany, S. Infantis is the third most common serovar after S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium in human infections in recent years [9].…”