Recent trends in the development of vaccine technologies to combat pandemic outbreaks and challenges

Chellasamy, Gayathri; Kiriyanthan, Rose Mary; Govindaraju, Saravanan; Andhare, Radha; Yun, Kyusik

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85662-1.00004-5

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Types Of Vaccines and Their Formulation1

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2023

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“…In contrast, mRNA vaccines provide certain advantages over DNA vaccines as there is no concern about integration into the host genome. Additionally, since mRNA vaccines are not required to cross the nuclear membrane to initiate the translation process, they tend to have higher immunogenicity than DNA vaccines [ 60 ]. Consequently, numerous trials have been conducted to develop mRNA vaccines, encompassing both non-replicating and replicating mRNA variants.…”

Section: Types Of Vaccines and Their Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Vaccines: Challenges in Formulation and Vaccine Adjuvants

2023

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Given the limitations of conventional invasive vaccines, such as the requirement for a cold chain system and trained personnel, needle-based injuries, and limited immunogenicity, non-invasive vaccines have gained significant attention. Although numerous approaches for formulating and administrating non-invasive vaccines have emerged, each of them faces its own challenges associated with vaccine bioavailability, toxicity, and other issues. To overcome such limitations, researchers have created novel supplementary materials and delivery systems. The goal of this review article is to provide vaccine formulation researchers with the most up-to-date information on vaccine formulation and the immunological mechanisms available, to identify the technical challenges associated with the commercialization of non-invasive vaccines, and to guide future research and development efforts.

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Section: Types Of Vaccines and Their Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%