Recent trends in the college of American pathologists proficiency results for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Preparing for CLIA '88

Jones, Ronald N.

doi:10.1016/0196-4399(92)90033-6

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The method is versatile in that it is suitable for testing the majority of bacterial pathogens, including the more common fastidious bacteria, almost all antimicrobial agents can be tested and it requires no special equipment. When performed according to recommendations, disk diffusion is a reproducible and accurate method for AST [1,2]. Several of the European national antimicrobial breakpoint committees, including BSAC in the UK [3], CA-SFM in France [4], DIN in Germany [5] and SRGA in Sweden [6], developed their own disk diffusion methods for AST, but there was no common method calibrated to European breakpoints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories

Matuschek¹,

Brown²,

Kahlmeter³

2014

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

605

430

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With the support of ESCMID and European countries, EUCAST has developed a disk diffusion test with zone diameter breakpoints correlated with the EUCAST clinical MIC breakpoints. The development of the EUCAST disk diffusion method and quality control criteria are described, together with guidance on quality control and implementation of the method in clinical microbiology laboratories. The method includes the use of Mueller-Hinton agar without supplements for non-fastidious organisms and with 5% mechanically defibrinated horse blood and 20 mg/L β-NAD for fastidious organisms, a standardized inoculum resulting in confluent growth, an incubation time of 16-20 h, a reading guide on how to read zone diameters on individual species-agent combinations and zone diameter breakpoints calibrated to the EUCAST clinical MIC breakpoints. EUCAST recommendations are described in detail and updated regularly on the EUCAST website (http://www.eucast.org).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories

Matuschek¹,

Brown²,

Kahlmeter³

2014

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

605

430

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“…Until now, the mainstay has been the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), either using a broth dilution or an agar dilution method (1, 3–5). However, in routine microbiology testing, the disc diffusion method gained acceptance as the main method because of its simplicity and low cost (6–9). Disc diffusion tests varied during the early days with multi‐disc method predominating in United States (10) and with several different standards in Europe, in addition to the so‐called comparative method in England called Stokes method (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance 1979–2009 at Karolinska hospital, Sweden: normalized resistance interpretation during a 30‐year follow‐up on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli resistance development

Kronvall

2010

APMIS

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To utilize a material of inhibition zone diameter measurements from disc diffusion susceptibility tests between 1979 and 2009, an objective setting of epidemiological breakpoints was necessary because of methodological changes. Normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) met this need and was applied to zone diameter histograms for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolates. The results confirmed a slow resistance development as seen in Northern countries. The S. aureus resistance levels for erythromycin, clindamycin and fusidic acid in 2009 were 3.2%, 1.8% and 1.4% with denominator correction. A rise in resistance to four antimicrobials in 1983 was probably because of a spread of resistant Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA). For E. coli, the denominator-corrected resistance levels in 2009 were 27% for ampicillin, around 3% for third-generation cephalosporins, 0.1% for imipenem, 2.5% for gentamicin, 19% for trimethoprim, 4.5% for co-trimoxazole, 1.2% for nitrofurantoin and 9% for ciprofloxacin. The temporal trends showed a rise in fluoroquinolone resistance from 1993, a parallel increase in gentamicin resistance, a substantial increase in trimethoprim and sulphonamide resistance in spite of decreased consumption, and a steady rise in ampicillin resistance from a constant level before 1989. A short review of global resistance surveillance studies is included.

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“…It is unlikely that the difficulties previously reported [19] due to the use of disks with varying ampicillin content played a role in the present discordant results, since participants are required to follow the NCCLS standards for all conditions of testing, including the disk potency and the interpretive zone sizes. A 1989 College of American Pathologists (CAP) proficiency testing survey [18] reported similar performance for laboratories challenged with a strain of E. faecium having increased resistance to ampicillin. Eighty‐three per cent of commercial broth microdilution MIC systems failed to detect the resistance in this study, while only 12% of disk diffusion users failed to do so.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An interprovincial external quality assessment of the ability of Canadian laboratories to detect the vancomycin and penicillin resistance of Enterococcus faecium D366

Richardson

Noble

Fleming

et al. 1999

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Objective: To evaluate the ability of Canadian laboratories to identify enterococci and detect low-level resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and vancomycin in five provinces and two territories by two external quality assessment schemes.Methods: Enterococcus faecium, strain D366, with minimum inhibitory concentrations for vancomycin and penicillin of 32 and 16 mg/L respectively, was distributed during a routine proficiency survey. Laboratories were required to culture and identify the isolate and to test antimicrobial susceptibility. Participants were assessed against consensus reference values.Results: Three hundred and sixty-four hospital, commercial and public-health laboratories participated, using their established procedures for patient samples. The isolate was identified to the species level by 222 (61%) laboratories and to the genus level by a further 98 participants. Forty-four failed to meet the expected standard. Vancomycin resistance was detected by 94%. Those reporting a falsely susceptible result used disk diffusion testing. Penicillin resistance was noted by 250 of 258 laboratories reporting on this agent. An incorrect ampicillin-susceptible finding was reported by 62 of 147 laboratories using automated microdilution or agar dilution methods. Conclusions:Most laboratories identified the isolate to an appropriate level. Detection of low-level vancomycin and penicillin resistance was achieved by the majority. Ampicillin resistance was less readily detected.

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Recent trends in the college of American pathologists proficiency results for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: Preparing for CLIA '88

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories

Development of the EUCAST disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing method and its implementation in routine microbiology laboratories

Antimicrobial resistance 1979–2009 at Karolinska hospital, Sweden: normalized resistance interpretation during a 30‐year follow‐up on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli resistance development

An interprovincial external quality assessment of the ability of Canadian laboratories to detect the vancomycin and penicillin resistance of Enterococcus faecium D366

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