Recent trends in bone tissue engineering: a review of materials, methods, and structures

Abstract

Bone tissue engineering provides the treatment possibility for segmental long bone defects that are currently an orthopedic dilemma. This review explains different strategies, from biological, material, and preparation points of view, such as using different stem cells, ceramics, and metals, and their corresponding properties for bone tissue engineering applications. In addition, factors such as porosity, surface chemistry, hydrophilicity and degradation behavior that affect scaffold success are introduced. Besides, the most widely used production methods that result in porous materials are discussed. Gene delivery and secretome-based therapies are also introduced as a new generation of therapies. This review outlines the positive results and important limitations remaining in the clinical application of novel bone tissue engineering materials and methods for segmental defects.

Recent Advances in Whiskers: Properties and Clinical Applications in Dentistry

“…The proposal and development of bone tissue engineering (BTE) has led to new ideas for the repair and regeneration of bone defects. 11 The current materials applied to BTE are deficient in biocompatibility, bioactivity, and osteoinductive capacity. 12 , 13 Some materials may trigger an immune or inflammatory response, leading to tissue damage or dysfunction, 14 while others have limited osteoinductive ability to meet the needs of complex bone defect repair.…”