Recent Trend: Is the Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant-Enemies Performance Biased by Taxon Usage?

Malik, Rondy J.

doi:10.1674/0003-0031-180.2.306

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Yet experimental research has continued to focus only on a very limited number of commonly used AM fungal taxa. Indeed, a survey of studies on AM fungal-induced plant defence published between 2014 and 2017 found that 75% of studies used a single AM fungal taxon, while 72% used R. irregularis and F. mosseae (Malik, 2018). With around 288 described species of AM fungi, or c. 1700 putative species ( € Opik & Davison, 2016), it is clear that we are likely to have barely scratched the surface of defence functional diversity of AM fungi (Heinen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Box 1 Importance Of Within-species Genetic Variation In Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (Am) Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant herbivore protection by arbuscular mycorrhizas: a role for fungal diversity?

et al. 2021

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Section: Box 1 Importance Of Within-species Genetic Variation In Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (Am) Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant herbivore protection by arbuscular mycorrhizas: a role for fungal diversity?

et al. 2021

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“…It is increasingly acknowledged that this is a very narrow understanding of AM fungal ecology, a dogma that is perhaps driven by long-standing research bias towards particular functions (e.g. increased plant growth, phosphorus uptake) and particular plant and fungal taxa (Chaudhary et al , 2016; Albornoz et al , 2021), including in the context of plant-herbivore interactions (Malik, 2018; Frew et al , 2022). Albornoz et al (2021) recently emphasised the need for a greater appreciation of the diverse functions and benefits of AM fungi (Delavaux et al , 2017) and to better understand drivers of their context dependency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most research to date has focussed on a small handful of cosmopolitan fungal taxa (e.g. Rhizophagus irregularis, Funneliformis mosseae; Malik, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Belowground plant responses to root herbivory depend on the composition and structure of their root-colonising arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Wilson

Frew

2022

Preprint

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There is growing interest in managing arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in agriculture to support plant production. These fungi can support crop growth and nutrient uptake, but also affect plant-herbivore interactions. However, our knowledge of how native AM fungal diversity and community composition influence these interactions is limited, while our understanding of this in relation to root-herbivory is lacking altogether. To begin to address these knowledge gaps, plants were grown with no AM fungi or were inoculated with native fungal communities sourced from either a crop field (field community), a sclerophyll forest (forest community), or a crop field in fallow (fallow community). We then explored how the composition and structure (species richness and relative abundance) of root-colonising AM fungal communities was associated with the growth and belowground nutrient responses of a major crop (Sorghum bicolor) to attack from a root-feeding insect (Dermolepida albohirtum). DNA metabarcoding revealed plant associated with three distinct root-colonising AM fungal communities. Fungal taxon richness in roots was highest in the field community and lowest in the fallow community. Both the field and fallow communities were dominated by the putatively ruderal genera Glomus and Claroideoglomus, while the forest-derived community contained greater proportions of Paraglomus and Ambispora. In response to root herbivory, plants without AM fungi and plants colonised by the forest community exhibited root biomass losses of 61% and 44%, respectively. Similarly, these two groups also had reductions of 59% and 65% in their phosphorus content, respectively, when subjected to the root herbivore. In contrast, plants associating with communities harbouring greater proportions of Glomus and Claroideoglomus (the field and fallow communities) did not exhibit reductions in root biomass or nutrient content. Our results show that plant responses to root-herbivory vary with root-colonising AM fungal community composition and structure. In a community context, our findings suggest that stronger associations with the genera Claroideoglomus and Glomus may potentially support crop tolerance-associated responses belowground. There is an urgent need for more exploration of how natural assemblages of AM fungi differentially mediate plant-herbivore interactions if we are to effectively manage soil fungi in sustainable agricultural systems.

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“…Isolates included several species (Claroideoglomus claroideum, Racocetra fulgida, Funneliformis mosseae, and Claroideoglomus lamellosum) that have comparable levels of colonization [42]. In addition, these species are representative of mycorrhizal phylogenetic diversity [43,44], and include isolates of high and low experimental usage rate [45].…”

Section: A Viridis Spider Milkweedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enriched CO2 and Root-Associated Fungi (Mycorrhizae) Yield Inverse Effects on Plant Mass and Root Morphology in Six Asclepias Species

Malik¹,

Bever²

2021

Plants

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While milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) are important for sustaining biodiversity in marginal ecosystems, CO2 flux may afflict Asclepias species and cause detriment to native communities. Negative CO2-induced effects may be mitigated through mycorrhizal associations. In this study, we sought to determine how mycorrhizae interacts with CO2 to influence Asclepias biomass and root morphology. A broad range of Asclepias species (n = 6) were chosen for this study, including four tap-root species (A. sullivantii, A. syriaca, A. tuberosa, and A. viridis) and two fibrous root species (A. incarnata and A. verticillata). Collectively, the six Asclepias species were manipulated under a 2 × 2 full-factorial design that featured two mycorrhizal levels (−/+ mycorrhizae) and two CO2 levels (ambient and enriched (i.e., 3.5× ambient)). After a duration of 10 months, Asclepias responses were assessed as whole dry weight (i.e., biomass) and relative transportive root. Relative transportive root is the percent difference in the diameter of highest order root (transportive root) versus that of first-order absorptive roots. Results revealed an asymmetrical response, as mycorrhizae increased Asclepias biomass by ~12-fold, while enriched CO2 decreased biomass by about 25%. CO2 did not impact relative transportive roots, but mycorrhizae increased root organ’s response by more than 20%. Interactions with CO2 and mycorrhizae were observed for both biomass and root morphology (i.e., relative transportive root). A gene associated with CO2 fixation (rbcL) revealed that the two fibrous root species formed a phylogenetic clade that was distant from the four tap-root species. The effect of mycorrhizae was most profound in tap-root systems, as mycorrhizae modified the highest order root into tuber-like structures. A strong positive correlation was observed with biomass and relative transportive root. This study elucidates the interplay with roots, mycorrhizae, and CO2, while providing a potential pathway for mycorrhizae to ameliorate CO2 induced effects.

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Recent Trend: Is the Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant-Enemies Performance Biased by Taxon Usage?

Cited by 10 publications

References 47 publications

Plant herbivore protection by arbuscular mycorrhizas: a role for fungal diversity?

Plant herbivore protection by arbuscular mycorrhizas: a role for fungal diversity?

Belowground plant responses to root herbivory depend on the composition and structure of their root-colonising arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Enriched CO2 and Root-Associated Fungi (Mycorrhizae) Yield Inverse Effects on Plant Mass and Root Morphology in Six Asclepias Species

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