Recent Transmission of Tuberculosis — United States, 2011–2014

Yuen, Courtney M.; Kammerer, J. Steve; Marks, Kala P.; Navin, Thomas R.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153728

Cited by 109 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…3 However, as a result of high prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in many settings, 4 reactivation can represent a substantial proportion of incident tuberculosis cases, or even the majority of such cases in settings in which transmission has been in sustained decline. 5 The risk of progressing to active disease also varies by individual characteristics, with infants, 6 individuals with advanced HIV infection, 7,8 and individuals with other conditions that affect immune function 9–12 having elevated progression risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression from latent infection to active disease in dynamic tuberculosis transmission models: a systematic review of the validity of modelling assumptions

Menzies

Wolf

Connors

et al. 2018

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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Mathematical modelling is commonly used to evaluate infectious disease control policy and is influential in shaping policy and budgets. Mathematical models necessarily make assumptions about disease natural history and, if these assumptions are not valid, the results of these studies can be biased. We did a systematic review of published tuberculosis transmission models to assess the validity of assumptions about progression to active disease after initial infection (PROSPERO ID CRD42016030009). We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Biosis, and Cochrane Library, and included studies from the earliest available date (Jan 1, 1962) to Aug 31, 2017. We identified 312 studies that met inclusion criteria. Predicted tuberculosis incidence varied widely across studies for each risk factor investigated. For population groups with no individual risk factors, annual incidence varied by several orders of magnitude, and 20-year cumulative incidence ranged from close to 0% to 100%. A substantial proportion of modelled results were inconsistent with empirical evidence: for 10-year cumulative incidence, 40% of modelled results were more than double or less than half the empirical estimates. These results demonstrate substantial disagreement between modelling studies on a central feature of tuberculosis natural history. Greater attention to reproducing known features of epidemiology would strengthen future tuberculosis modelling studies, and readers of modelling studies are recommended to assess how well those studies demonstrate their validity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progression from latent infection to active disease in dynamic tuberculosis transmission models: a systematic review of the validity of modelling assumptions

Menzies

Wolf

Connors

et al. 2018

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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“…The transition from latent TB infection (LTBI) to active disease, termed “reactivation,” accounts for an estimated 86% of active TB in the United States (1). This provides an opportunity for prevention through diagnosis and treatment of LTBI.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-administered Versus Directly Observed Once-Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Belknap¹,

Holland²,

Feng³

et al. 2017

Ann Intern Med

123

140

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Background Expanding latent tuberculosis treatment is important to decrease active disease globally. Once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine for 12 doses is effective but limited by requiring direct observation. Objective To compare treatment completion and safety of once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine by self-administration versus direct observation. Design An open-label, phase 4 randomized clinical trial designed as a noninferiority study with a 15% margin. Seventy-five percent or more of study patients were enrolled from the United States for a prespecified subgroup analysis. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01582711) Setting Outpatient tuberculosis clinics in the United States, Spain, Hong Kong, and South Africa. Participants 1002 adults (aged ≥18 years) recommended for treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Intervention Participants received once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine by direct observation, self-administration with monthly monitoring, or self-administration with weekly text message reminders and monthly monitoring. Measurements The primary outcome was treatment completion, defined as 11 or more doses within 16 weeks and measured using clinical documentation and pill counts for direct observation, and self-reports, pill counts, and medication event–monitoring devices for self-administration. The main secondary outcome was adverse events. Results Median age was 36 years, 48% of participants were women, and 77% were enrolled at the U.S. sites. Treatment completion was 87.2% (95% CI, 83.1% to 90.5%) in the direct-observation group, 74.0% (CI, 68.9% to 78.6%) in the self-administration group, and 76.4% (CI, 71.3% to 80.8%) in the self-administration–with–reminders group. In the United States, treatment completion was 85.4% (CI, 80.4% to 89.4%), 77.9% (CI, 72.7% to 82.6%), and 76.7% (CI, 70.9% to 81.7%), respectively. Self-administered therapy without reminders was noninferior to direct observation in the United States; no other comparisons met noninferiority criteria. A few drug-related adverse events occurred and were similar across groups. Limitation Persons with latent tuberculosis infection enrolled in South Africa would not routinely be treated programmatically. Conclusion These results support using self-administered, once-weekly isoniazid and rifapentine to treat latent tuberculosis infection in the United States, and such treatment could be considered in similar settings when direct observation is not feasible. Primary Funding Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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“…The CDC estimates that up to 13 million people in the United States are living with latent tuberculosis infection and that more than 85% of U.S. cases of tuberculosis disease each year are the result of reactivated infection instead of recent transmission. 5, 17 …”

Section: Transmission Pathogenesis Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ce

Parmer

Allen

Walton

2017

AJN, American Journal of Nursing

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Nurses play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and in the prevention of tuberculosis transmission through infection control practices. To eliminate tuberculosis in the United States, however, an expanded approach to testing and treating people with latent tuberculosis infection must be implemented. Recently, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) issued a new recommendation statement on latent tuberculosis infection testing that expands nurses’ opportunities to identify at-risk populations for tuberculosis prevention. In combination with newer testing methodologies and shorter treatment regimens, implementation of the USPSTF recommendation has the potential to remove previously existing barriers to screening and treatment of both patients and health care providers. This article provides a general overview of tuberculosis transmission, pathogenesis, and epidemiology; presents preventive care recommendations for targeted testing among high-risk groups; and discusses the USPSTF recommendation’s applicability to public health and primary care practice in the United States.

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Recent Transmission of Tuberculosis — United States, 2011–2014

Cited by 109 publications

References 16 publications

Progression from latent infection to active disease in dynamic tuberculosis transmission models: a systematic review of the validity of modelling assumptions

Progression from latent infection to active disease in dynamic tuberculosis transmission models: a systematic review of the validity of modelling assumptions

Self-administered Versus Directly Observed Once-Weekly Isoniazid and Rifapentine Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis Infection

Ce

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