“…Motivation is the proximal determinant that influences a person's decision to allocate the effort required to perform the activities necessary to learn (Kanfer & Ackerman, 1989). Biodata refers to personal history information (Breaugh, 2009;Song, Wu, & Wang, 2019). For example, a Biographical Questionnaire (Farmer, 2002) was used to gather information on the education and background experiences of ATCOs (Pierce, Broach, Bleckley, & Byrne, 2013).…”