Recent studies of mycotoxins

Moss,

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2672.1998.0840s162s.x

Cited by 174 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…A putative ochratoxin cluster was identified on the basis of a PKS fragment of A. ochraceus involved in ochratoxin biosynthesis 41 . Some A. niger strains have been reported to synthesize this toxin but little is known about the biosynthetic pathway 42 . In A. ochraceus, genes encoding chloroperoxidase, reductase, esterase, dehydratase and NRPS may be involved.…”

Section: Secondary Metabolism and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing and analysis of the versatile cell factory Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88

et al. 2007

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The filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger is widely exploited by the fermentation industry for the production of enzymes and organic acids, particularly citric acid. We sequenced the 33.9-megabase genome of A. niger CBS 513.88, the ancestor of currently used enzyme production strains. A high level of synteny was observed with other aspergilli sequenced. Strong function predictions were made for 6,506 of the 14,165 open reading frames identified. A detailed description of the components of the protein secretion pathway was made and striking differences in the hydrolytic enzyme spectra of aspergilli were observed. A reconstructed metabolic network comprising 1,069 unique reactions illustrates the versatile metabolism of A. niger. Noteworthy is the large number of major facilitator superfamily transporters and fungal zinc binuclear cluster transcription factors, and the presence of putative gene clusters for fumonisin and ochratoxin A synthesis.

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Section: Secondary Metabolism and Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequencing and analysis of the versatile cell factory Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88

et al. 2007

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“…Eighteen (18) different types of AFs were identified, but only aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) , B 2 (AFB 2 ) , G 1 (AFG 1 ) and G 2 (AFG 2 ) were detected as natural contaminants and feed ingredients and AFB 1 toxin has a great toxicity. [4][5][6] A continuous intake of AFB 1 for lactating animals leads to excretion of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ). 7 Toxic effects related to this carcinogen have been extensively demonstrated, 8 therefore, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 9 classified it as a probable human carcinogen factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence of Mycotoxins (AFB1 and AFM1 ) in Feeds and Dairy Farms from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Keller¹,

Aronovich²,

Keller³

et al. 2016

Vet Med Open J

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Research ABSTRACTBrazil has regions located at the largest dairy production and milk derivate industry concentration, supplying the major consumer markets, represented by São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte Cities. The milk is the most important product of Brazilian agriculture, because it is always presents in daily diet. The aim of this research was evaluating the occurrence of mycotoxins in the feed of dairy cattle and the occurrence of AFM 1 in milk under field conditions in farms from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The results revealed that, total fungal counts was found in 67% of feed samples which exceeded the recommended limit recommended (1×10 4 UFC.g -1 ) and the incidence of AFM 1 in all milk samples was 26.7% at concentrations ranging from 0.010 to 1.500 μg.L -1 . The study revealed toxigenic fungi and their mycotoxins were present in feed intended for bovine feeding in Rio de Janeiro farms. Evaluations of mycotoxin levels are important to provide information so that the assessments of risk for animal feed and livestock environment can be done.

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“…It not only brings about great economic losses, but also represents a high risk for human and animal health through the synthesis of mycotoxin (MacDonald et al, 2004;Tutelyan, 2004;Pitt and Hocking, 1997). Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites produced by some phytopathogenic spoilage fungi such as Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria species that are hazardous to consumers' health, and lead to economic losses of the commercial value of food products (Moss, 1998). Wheat is susceptible to these fungus infections through its growth, harvest, transport, and storage (Giray et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi and aflatoxins associated with wheat grains in Gaza governorates

Ghada¹,

Ahmed²,

Ferial³

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Cereal and its products are susceptible to mold damage during pre-and post-harvesting stages of the production. This study was carried out to determine the extent of fungal contamination and the aflatoxins AFB 1 , AFB 2 , AFG 1 , AFG 2 levels of fifty wheat grain samples were collected randomly from different markets in the five Gaza governorates. The obtained results indicated that the most common molds isolated from different wheat grain samples were Aspergillus flavus 84%, Aspergillus parasiticus 72%, Fusarium oxysporum 64%, Aspergillus niger 48%, Alternaria alternate 36%, Penicillium 22%, Aspergillus ochraceus 20% and Aspergillus versicolor 4%. Forty one wheat grain samples which represented (82%) were contaminated with aflatoxins. Considering the high incidence of contamination by AFB 1 (80%) in Gaza city and 70% in both Khan Younis and Mid Zone governorates. The level of total aflatoxin AFs in North Gaza, Rafah, Khan Younis, Mid Zone, Gaza City were 8.62, 6.361, 4.187, 3.134 and 2.33 (ng/g), respectively. These levels of AFs are higher than the standard levels in North Gaza, Rafah and Khan Younis. The highest amount of aflatoxin B 1 were found in Mid Zone and North Gaza and their aflatoxins contamination were 2.51 and 2.31 ng/g, respectively.

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Recent studies of mycotoxins

Cited by 174 publications

References 88 publications

Genome sequencing and analysis of the versatile cell factory Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88

Genome sequencing and analysis of the versatile cell factory Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88

Incidence of Mycotoxins (AFB1 and AFM1 ) in Feeds and Dairy Farms from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Fungi and aflatoxins associated with wheat grains in Gaza governorates

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