Recent studies in phthalocyanine chemistry

Abstract

Abstract

Absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of nitrogen homologues of magnesium and zinc phthalocyanine

“…Amongst the molecules examined have been tetraazatetrabenzoporphyrins, the phthalocyanines. Introduction of the 4-fold symmetry axis from both the bridging aza groups and the peripherally fused benzenes leads to dramatically changed chemical and optical properties of phthalocyanines when compared to unsubstituted porphyrins (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Despite the magnitude of these molecular changes, metallophthalocyanines are symmetric molecules and exhibit a characteristic optical spectrum that is dominated by allowed T-T* transitions to a number of singlet excited states between 800 and 250 nm.…”

“…Substitution at the periphery of both phthalocyanines and porphyrins offers a means of tuning the redox chemistry (1-3), linking the macrocycles into polymeric networks, and, in the case of the phthalocyanines, increasing their solubility (3)(4)(5). While have been hindered by their limited solubility in these solvents.…”

Derivation of metallophthalocyanine redox potentials via Hammett parameter analysis

“…Metal phthalocyanine species exhibit rich electrochemical behavior due to the accessibility of a range of oxidation states centred on the ligand, and, for many transition metal ions, on the metal [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Further, phthalocyanine species have been modified by the use of a wide range of substituents at the peripheral benzene rings [15].…”

Synthetic approaches to asymmetric phthalocyanines and their analogues

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Initially after their discovery, phthalocyanines were predominantly used as pigments and dyes in the textile and paper industries because of their chemical, photochemical, and thermal stabilities. 8,9 In more recent decades the chemistry of substituted phthalocyanines has undergone tremendous growth, [10][11][12] and, in addition to traditional applications, substituted and unsubstituted phthalocyanines have found potential applications in industrial catalysis, [13][14][15][16][17][18] photosensitizers for photodynamic cancer therapy, 16,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] markers for bioimaging, 27,28 antibacterial composites, [29][30][31][32] materials for ink-jet printing, 33 chemical sensors, [34][35][36][37] semiconductors, 38,39 functional polymers and liquid crystals, [40][41][42][43] light-harvesting modules for dye-sensitized solar cells and organic photovoltaics, …”