Recent Stereological Methods for the Measurement of Leaf Anatomical Characteristics: Estimation of Volume Density, Volume and Surface Area

Kubínová, Lucie

doi:10.1093/jxb/44.1.165

Cited by 37 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The principle of systematic uniform random sampling of sections along the needle axis allows the inclusion of a potential gradient in anatomical characteristics within the needle. Additionally, in combination with the Cavalieri method, it allows an unbiased volume estimation of needle structural components (Kubínová, 1993), which cannot be derived with biased sampling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The area of the whole sections and needle tissues was determined using the image analysis software Lucia G (LIM, Prague). The total needle volume and volume of mesophyll tissue, volume of dermal tissues (epidermis and hypodermis together), and of central cylinder were determined by the Cavalieri method in combination with the point-counting method (Kubínová, 1993). The volume proportion of individual tissues was expressed as percent of the total needle volume.…”

Section: Needle Structural Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does the azimuth orientation of Norway spruce (Picea abies/L./Karst.) branches within sunlit crown part influence the heterogeneity of biochemical, structural and spectral characteristics of needles?

Lhotáková

Albrechtová

Malenovský

et al. 2007

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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The goal of this study was to determine if selected biochemical, structural and spectral properties of Norway spruce needles are influenced by the azimuth orientation of the branch. Three youngest needle age classes from 20 mature (100 years old or older) Norway spruce trees were sampled from upper branches of the sunlit production crown part from each of the 4 cardinal azimuth orientations. Photosynthetic pigments, soluble phenolic compounds and selected spectral and structural characteristics were determined for each needle age class. The content of photosynthetic pigments and soluble phenolic compounds did not differ among needles from different azimuth-oriented branches, nor did the optical reflectance indices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (TCARI)/Optimized Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI), Red Edge Inflection Point (REIP) and Landsat Thematic Mapper bands 5 and 4 (TM5/TM4). No variation in volume properties, tissue volume proportions and cross-section shape characteristics of 3rd-year needles rejected our hypothesis that there would be variation in needle structural properties according to the azimuth orientation of branches. Consequently, we concluded that a random sampling of similar-aged needles within the sunlit production crown part may be used to study biochemical or structural and spectral needle properties of a mature Norway spruce growing in forest stands without a significant slope. In addition, the results obtained from a branch of one azimuth orientation should be representative for the whole sunlit portion of the crown. Consequences of these findings for Norway spruce health monitoring using remote sensing techniques are discussed. AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine if selected biochemical, structural and spectral properties of Norway spruce needles are influenced by the azimuth orientation of the branch. Three youngest needle age classes from 20 mature (100 years old or older) Norway spruce trees were sampled from upper branches of the sunlit production crown part from each of the 4 cardinal azimuth orientations. Photosynthetic pigments, soluble phenolic compounds and selected spectral and structural characteristics were determined for each needle age class. The content of photosynthetic pigments and soluble phenolic compounds did not differ among needles from different azimuth-oriented branches, nor did the optical reflectance indices Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Transformed Chlorophyll Absorption in Reflectance Index (TCARI)/Optimized SoilAdjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI), Red Edge Inflection Point (REIP) and Landsat Thematic Mapper bands 5 and 4 (TM5/TM4). No variation in volume properties, tissue volume proportions and cross-section shape characteristics of 3rd-year needles rejected our hypothesis that there would be variation in needle structural properties according to the azimuth orientation of branches. Consequently, we concluded that a random sampling of similar-age...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Needle Structural Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does the azimuth orientation of Norway spruce (Picea abies/L./Karst.) branches within sunlit crown part influence the heterogeneity of biochemical, structural and spectral characteristics of needles?

Lhotáková

Albrechtová

Malenovský

et al. 2007

Environmental and Experimental Botany

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“…The first applications of stereology in plant anatomy were published by Pazourek (1975;, Chabot and Chabot (1977), Parkhurst (1982), Morris andThain (1983), andHajibagheri et al (1984). Later, a number of design-based stereological methods for the estimation of various leaf characteristics were introduced by Kubínová (1987;1989b;1991;1993;. Characteristics highlighted included mesophyll volume, proportion of intercellular spaces in mesophyll, internal leaf surface area, mesophyll cell number and mean mesophyll cell volume, based on measurements in 2D leaf sections.…”

Section: Short History Of Quantification Of Plant Anatomical Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cavalieri principle, which is based on multiplying the sum of areas of SURS sections by the distance between the subsequent sections (Gundersen and Jensen, 1987), was used for estimating volume of leaf and/or leaf components by Kubínová (1989bKubínová ( , 1991Kubínová ( , 1993, Albrechtová and Kubínová (1991), Edwards et al (1999), Klich (2000), Marin et al (2008), and Albrechtová et al (2007). Detailed instructions on how to apply this method are given in the overview of stereological methods for the measurement of leaf characteristics (Kubínová, 1993).…”

Section: Plant Tissue Volume Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stereology, an Unbiased Methodological Approach to Study Plant Anatomy and Cytology: Past, Present and Future

Kubínová¹,

Radochová²,

Lhotáková³

et al. 2017

Image Anal Stereol

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This review presents an historical overview of stereological methods used for the quantitative evaluation of plant anatomical and cytological structures. It includes the origins of these methods up to the most recent developments such as the application of stereology based on 3D images. We focus especially on leaf, as the vast majority of studies of plant microscopic structure examine this organ. An overview of plant cell ultrastructure measurements as well as plant anatomical characteristics (e.g., plant tissue volume density, internal leaf surface area, number and mean size of mesophyll cells and chloroplast number), which were estimated by stereological methods most frequently, is presented. We emphasize the importance of proper sampling needed for unbiased measurements. Furthermore, we mention other methods used for plant morphometric studies and briefly discuss their relevance, precision, unbiasedness and efficiency in comparison with unbiased stereology. Finally, we discuss reasons for the sparse use of stereology in plant anatomy and consider the future of stereology in plant research.

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High‐intensity light promotes adaptive divergence of photosynthetic traits between sun‐exposed and shaded populations in Saxifraga fortunei

Magota,

Gotoh,

Sakaguchi

et al. 2024

American J of Botany

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PremiseLight is essential for plants, and local populations exhibit adaptive photosynthetic traits depending on their habitats. Although plastic responses in morphological and/or physiological characteristics to different light intensities are well known, adaptive divergence with genetic variation remains to be explored. This study focused on Saxifraga fortunei (Saxifragaceae) growing in sun‐exposed and shaded habitats.MethodsWe measured the leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic rate of plants grown in their natural habitats and in a common greenhouse (high‐ and low‐intensity light experimental sites). To assess differences in ecophysiological tolerance to high‐intensity light between the sun and shade types, we evaluated the level of photoinhibition of photosystem II and the leaf mortality rate under high‐intensity light conditions. In addition, population genetic analysis was conducted to investigate phylogenetic origins.ResultsClear phenotypic differences were found between the sun and shade types despite their recent phylogenetic origin. The leaf anatomical structure and photosynthetic rate showed plastic changes in response to growing conditions. Moreover, the sun type had a well‐developed palisade parenchyma and a higher photosynthetic rate, which were genetically fixed, and a lower level of photoinhibition under high‐intensity light.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that light intensity is a selective pressure that can rapidly promote phenotypic divergence between the sun and shade types. While phenotypic changes in multiple photosynthetic traits were plastic, genetic divergence in specific traits related to adaptation to high‐intensity light would be fundamental for ecotypic divergence to different light regimes.

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Recent Stereological Methods for the Measurement of Leaf Anatomical Characteristics: Estimation of Volume Density, Volume and Surface Area

Cited by 37 publications

References 25 publications

Does the azimuth orientation of Norway spruce (Picea abies/L./Karst.) branches within sunlit crown part influence the heterogeneity of biochemical, structural and spectral characteristics of needles?

Does the azimuth orientation of Norway spruce (Picea abies/L./Karst.) branches within sunlit crown part influence the heterogeneity of biochemical, structural and spectral characteristics of needles?

Stereology, an Unbiased Methodological Approach to Study Plant Anatomy and Cytology: Past, Present and Future

High‐intensity light promotes adaptive divergence of photosynthetic traits between sun‐exposed and shaded populations in Saxifraga fortunei

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