Recent Status and Developments of Vacancies Modulation in the ABO₃ Perovskites for Catalytic Applications

Abstract

Perovskite oxides (ABO 3 ) have attracted comprehensive interest for wide range of functional applications (especially for chemical catalysis) due to their high design flexibility, controllable vacancies sites creation, abundant chemical properties, and stable crystal structure. Herein, the previous research and potential development of ABO 3 through adjusting the vacancy at different sites (A-site, B-site, and O-site) to enhance catalytic performance are systematically analyzed and generalized. Briefly, the ABO 3 with different vacancies sites prepared by multifarious direct and indirect methods, accompanied with the improved physical-chemical properties, endow them with distinct and intensified development of catalysis application. In addition, the impressive optimization proved by the vacancies sites adjustment over the ABO 3 is studied to continuously facilitate the advance in some common catalysis reactions, further expanding to other optimized functional applications. At last, the constructive suggestions for fine regulation and analysis of vacancies sites over ABO 3 are also put forward.

Thermally Induced Lattice-Defective Oxygen Breathing in Perovskite-Structure Stannates with High-Contrast Reversible Thermochromism

“…Lattice oxygen defects have been recognized as a well-developed strategy to impart or improve the properties in photo-, electro-, and thermocatalyst, gas sensor, memoriztor, and fuel cell electrolytes, which could be ascribed to their great impact on the physical/chemical properties, such as conductivity, magnetism, catalytic performance, and color. − For example, in BaTiO 3 with an oxygen defect, the electronic state of Ti changes from Ti 4+ (3d 0 ) to Ti 3+ (3d 1 ), and the color changes from white to blue . However, no literature has been focused on the effect of thermally induced lattice oxygen defects on the performance of thermochromic materials.…”

Cationic Defect Engineering in Perovskite La2CoMnO6 for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution

“…As an important class of inorganic compounds, perovskite oxides (ABO 3 ) have drawn more and more attention with vast potential in electrocatalytic fields because of their relatively low cost, tunable electronic structures, surface redox chemistry, as well as oxygen deficiency. − Recently, a series of perovskite oxides were developed as effective catalysts for OER in alkaline electrolyte, for example, Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3−δ (BSCF), La 0.8 Sr 0.2 Co 0.8 Fe 0.2 O 3−δ (LSCF), Sr 2 Co 1.5 Fe 0.5 O 6−δ , La 1– x Sr x CoO 3−δ , and Bi 0.15 Sr 0.85 Co 1– x Fe x O 3−δ . Nevertheless, the apparent OER activity of perovskite oxides remains limited due to the poor electrical conductivity and large particle size resulting from the small surface area.…”

Study of the Effect of Adding Nb2O5 on Calcium Titanate-Based Ferroelectric Ceramics

“…The most favorable direction of the application of ferroelectric ceramics is their use as anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells, interest in which is primarily due to the possibility of increasing the share of alternative energy sources in the energy sector, as well as the possibility of abandoning traditional energy sources, primarily from hydrocarbons [16,17]. Interest in ferroelectrics of the perovskite type ABO 3 , which are based on oxide compounds of rare earth and alkali metals, as well as transition metal oxides, is primarily due to their dielectric and electrocatalytic properties [18,19]. Also, the choice of ferroelectric ceramics when used as anode materials is due to their thermodynamic stability and resistance to external high-temperature influences, which leads to the possibility of using them as the most promising alternative materials to classical Ni/NiO + YSZ compounds [20,21], used as anode materials, but at the same time, they have a number of disadvantages, the elimination of which has been planned through a transition to perovskite-like ferroelectrics of the ABO 3 type [22,23].…”