Recent results of hydrogeochemical studies for earthquake prediction in the USSR

Barsukov, V. L.; Varshal, G. M.; Zamokina, N. S.

doi:10.1007/bf00874588

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In the Paso Real case Cl-enriched waters could be from a deeper part of the same aquifer. Our data confirm the earlier suggestions (Barsukov et al 1985;Igarashi and Wakita 1990;Toutain et al 1997;Italiano et al 2005;Song et al 2005) that the mechanism of the coseismic chemical (and isotopic) anomalies in most of the cases is related to a mixing of waters from adjacent aquifers with different water composition. The steady-state fluxes of water during a "quiet" period can be perturbed due to an earthquake by sudden changes in the pore and fracture pressure after releasing of elastic energy.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Variations in the Cl, SO4, δD and δ18O in Water from Thermal Springs near Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, Related to Seismic Activity

Ramírez-Guzmán¹,

Taran²,

Bernard³

et al. 2005

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Variations in the Cl, SO4, δD and δ18O in Water from Thermal Springs near Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, Related to Seismic Activity

Ramírez-Guzmán¹,

Taran²,

Bernard³

et al. 2005

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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“…The pore collapse (PC) model has been suggested to account for increases in the concentration of dissolved ions in groundwater (BARSUKOV et al, 1979b;JIANG and LI, 1981b;LI eta/., 1985), changes in the absolute and relative concentrations of dissolved gases in groundwater (SuGISAKI, 1978;BARSUKOV et al, 1979bBARSUKOV et al, , 1985Sum-SAKI and SUGIURA, 1986), and increases in radon concentrations in shallow ground gases (KING, , 1980b(KING, , 1985bMOGRO-CAMPERO et a/., 1980;FLEISCHER and MOGRO-CAMPERO, 1985). Its basic rational is that, at increasing stresses prior to an earthquake, the pre-existing pore volume collapses and expels chemically distinct pore fluids into the circulating groundwater system, generating a chemical anomaly.…”

Section: Pore Collapse Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical precursors to seismic activity

Thomas

1988

PAGEOPH

225

112

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Abstract-Studies of earthquake precursory phenomena during the last several decades have found that significant geophysical and geochemical changes can occur prior to intermediate and large earthquakes. Among the more intensely investigated geochemical phenomena have been: (1) changes in the concentrations of dissolved ions and gases in groundwaters and (2) variations in the concentrations of crustal and mantle volatiles in ground gases. The concentration changes have typically showed no consistent trend (either increasing or decreasing), and the spatial and temporal distribution of the observed anomalies have been highly variable. As a result, there is little agreement on the physical or chemical processes responsible for the observed anomalies. Mechanisms proposed to account for precursory groundwater anomalies include ultrasonic vibration, pressure sensitive solubility, pore volume collapse, fracture induced increases in reactive surfaces, and aquifer breaching/fluid mixing. Precursory changes in soil gas composition have been suggested to result from pore volume collapse, micro-fracture induced exposure of fresh reactive silicate surfaces, and breaching of buried gas-rich horizons. An analysis of the available field and laboratory data suggests that the aquifer breaching/fluid mixing (AB/FM) model can best account for many of the reported changes in temperature, dissolved ion and dissolved gas concentrations in groundwater. Ultrasonic vibration and pressure sensitive solubility models cannot reasonably account for the geochemical variations observed and, although the pore collapse model could explain some of the observed chemical changes in groundwater and ground gas, uncertainties remain regarding its ability to generate anomalies of the magnitude observed. Other geochemical anomalies, in particular those associated with hydrogen and radon, seem best accounted for by increases in reactive surface areas (IRSA model) that may accompany precursory deformation around the epicenter of an impending earthquake. Analysis of the probable response of these models to the earthquake preparation process, as well as to other environmental factors, suggests that geochemical monitoring programs can provide information that may be valuable in forecasting the probability of an earthquake; however, because of the complexity of the earthquake preparation process, the absolute prediction of seismic events using geochemical methods alone, does not presently appear to be feasible.

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“…Such geochemical anomalies are generally associated with changes in a subsurface water circulating system in the process of earthquake generation (Thomas 1988;Rojstaczer and Wolf 1992;Muir-Wood and King 1993;Rojstaczer et al 1995;Sugisaki et al 1996). In a broad sense, in countries with high seismicity, to monitor data on cations, anions and transitional metals in groundwater is to frequently obtain highly constructive information for earthquake prediction (Barsukov et al 1984(Barsukov et al /1985Guiru et al 1984Guiru et al /1985Koizumi et al 1985;Tsunogai andWakita 1995, 1996;Toutain et al 1997;Satake et al 2002;Song et al 2003Song et al , 2005Claesson et al 2004). Such solid evidence notwithstanding, it is not always the rule that chemical anomalies are sensitive enough to serve as earthquake precursors at monitoring sites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical Changes in Spring Waters in Taiwan: Implications for Evaluating Sites for Earthquake Precursory Monitoring

Song¹,

Chen²,

Liu³

et al. 2005

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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ABSTRACT1 Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC 2 Central Geological Survey, MOEA * Corresponding author address: Dr. Sheng-Rong Song, Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC; E-mail: srsong@ntu.edu.twTo evaluate potential monitoring sites as well as useful ions which are capable of serving as earthquake precursors, ten subsurface water bodies in different tectonic domains in southwestern, northern and northeastern Taiwan were selected. They included the deep circulation of hot springs, shallower artesian springs and groundwater. Most of the hot springs clearly show chemical anomalies which correlate with earthquake events during the monitoring periods. Against this, the groundwater does not correspond to any events. Hot springs from deeper reservoirs are superior to artesian springs and groundwater from shallower reservoirs. The artesian spring from the smaller subsurface water body is superior to the groundwater from larger reservoirs. Aside from this, anions, especially chloride, outperform cations as geochemical precursors for earthquake monitoring. It is unambiguous that the major factors that determine the usefulness of chemical anomalies in the waters for earthquake precursory monitoring are the kinds, the depths and the size of reservoirs and the ion species of the subsurface water bodies.

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Recent results of hydrogeochemical studies for earthquake prediction in the USSR

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

Variations in the Cl, SO4, δD and δ18O in Water from Thermal Springs near Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, Related to Seismic Activity

Variations in the Cl, SO4, δD and δ18O in Water from Thermal Springs near Acapulco, Guerrero, Mexico, Related to Seismic Activity

Geochemical precursors to seismic activity

Hydrochemical Changes in Spring Waters in Taiwan: Implications for Evaluating Sites for Earthquake Precursory Monitoring

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