Recent research on human problem solving.

Duncan, Carl P.

doi:10.1037/h0046520

Cited by 82 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Over the years, however, research perspectives on problem solving have undergone considerable change (Lovett, 2002). For example, early work in the Gestalt tradition focused on problems that required a single insightful step leading to a restructuring of the representation of the problem, resembling perceptual reorganization (Duncan, 1959). Later work continued to study knowledge-lean problems, requiring little or no background knowledge, but placed more emphasis on sustained cognitive strategies in multistep problems (Newell & Simon, 1972).…”

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confidence: 99%

The roles of the convex hull and the number of potential intersections in performance on visually presented traveling salesperson problems

et al. 2003

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The planar Euclidean version of the traveling salesperson problem requires finding the shortest tour through a two-dimensional array of points. MacGregor and Ormerod (1996) have suggested that people solve such problems by using a global-to-local perceptual organizing process based on the convex hull of the array. We review evidence for and against this idea, before considering an alternative, localto-global perceptual process, based on the rapid automatic identification of nearest neighbors. We compare these approaches in an experiment in which the effects of number of convex hull points and number of potential intersections on solution performance are measured. Performance worsened with more points on the convex hull and with fewer potential intersections. A measure of response uncertainty was unaffected by the number of convex hull points but increased with fewer potential intersections. We discuss a possible interpretation of these results in terms of a hierarchicalsolution process based on linking nearest neighbor clusters.

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confidence: 99%

The roles of the convex hull and the number of potential intersections in performance on visually presented traveling salesperson problems

et al. 2003

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“…~~though the strong implication of several research results (McDonald and Martin, 1967;Walla ch andKogan" 1965a, 1965b;Duncan, 1959) is that creative subjects are able to respend well in ways that are both typical and atypical for them, while noncreative subjects cannot respond in atypical ways without great. difficulty, there is little direct evidence of the idea that creativity schemata are mostly instructions of flexibility at a high "executive" level of cognition.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best indication of the real state of things is probably provided by Duncan (1959) in a review of problem-solving research. He concluded that more intelligent subjects are more likely than the aver age to be good at problem solving and at overcoming negative setswhile they are at the same time possibly able to benefit more than their peers from positive sets.…”

Section: Sets and Comqinatory Rulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In difficult tasks, a do~inant response would have a lower probability of being the correct one, and high anxiety wou.ld decrease efficiency on the ·task. In simple tasks, the dominant responSe in one's hierarchy is most probably correct, and the task is facili tated (Duncan, 1959;Cronbach, 1970). Spielberger (1958) argued that these principles could easily be applied to individual differences in intelligence and their ~ffect on problem solving.…”

Section: Anxiety and Intelligence In Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

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A theory of the creativity-intelligence interaction: an environmental suppressor variable

McDonald¹

2000

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“…PS has been associated with effective coping responses to intrapersonal and interpersonal stressors (D'Zurilla & Goldfiied, 1971;Heppner & Petersen, 1982;Jahoda, 1953). In addition, from a more technical and organizational perspective, PS has also been conceptualized to be a key factor in the performance of many tasks (Davis, 1966;Duncan, 1959;Simon & Newell, 1971). …”

Section: Problem Solving Abilities Beliefs and Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A risk factor model predicting the relationship between stress and performance in Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) training

Bates¹

2002

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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Public reporting burden for tliis coilection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including tlie time for reviewing instructions, searcliing existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and compieting and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project 10704-0188), Washington, DC 20503. , REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)2. REPORT DATE 7.Oct.02 DISSERTATION TITLE AND SUBTITLE A RISK FACTOR MODEL PREDICTING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND PERFORMANCE IN EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL (EOD) TRAINING AUTHOR(S)MAJ BATES MARK J PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)UNIFORMED SERVICES UNIV OF HEALTH SCIENC unique opportunity to study the interaction between stress and performance, and to identify specific risk and protective factors. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)The study recruited 500 students who were enrolled in EOD training. These students were enlisted persoimel in the US military who volunteered to participate in the study at two points during the training program. Self-report assessments of potential risk factors were collected at the begiiming of the training program and at one intermediate time point that is associated with the highest level of student attrition. These risk factors included general cognitive ability, inattention and impulsivity, problem solving, anxiety, personality dimensions, social relations, and stressfiil events. In addition, the study explored the role of the demographic, social desirability, and external stressor control It is important to me to say thanks. Also, expressing my gratitude in writing is a way for me to never forget all the ways people have helped me and to remember to look for similar ways to help others. This study required a lot of statistical assistance. Dr. Wijo Kop bore the brunt of this load with multiple meetings and email correspondence. Also, Dr. Martha Faraday also helped with statistical guidance. VlllMy committee provided invaluable assistance. From beginning to end, their involvement has been constructive and facilitative. One example is the v^ay each committee member was willing to work with me to fit this longitudinal study in the five years allotted to military graduate students.

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Recent research on human problem solving.

Cited by 82 publications

References 95 publications

The roles of the convex hull and the number of potential intersections in performance on visually presented traveling salesperson problems

The roles of the convex hull and the number of potential intersections in performance on visually presented traveling salesperson problems

A theory of the creativity-intelligence interaction: an environmental suppressor variable

A risk factor model predicting the relationship between stress and performance in Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) training

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