Recent Research Advancements of Coffee Quality Detection: Targeted Analyses vs. Nontargeted Fingerprinting and Related Issues

Abstract

Coffee is an important commercial product that arose various quality issues. Different techniques have been applied to detect coffee quality. This review focused on the recent updates in the detection methods of coffee from a targeted versus nontargeted perspective. This review introduced case studies of the current research progresses on targeted and nontargeted detection approaches. Their merits and demerits were evaluated as an analysis of coffee quality. The targeted approach, including liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and capillary electrophoresis (CE), evaluates the quality of coffee by specific markers, whereas the nontargeted approach tests whether the sample is abnormal, without prior knowledge of what caused the abnormality, usually coupled with chemometrics. The nontargeted techniques commonly involve LC, GC, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), and mass spectrometry (MS). This work may provide guidance for resolving most aspects of the quality problems in coffee, such as adulterant detection, species identification, and geographical origin discrimination.

Spectrophotometry and chromatography analyses combined with chemometrics tools to differentiate green coffee beans into special or traditional

“…As can be seen in some works in the literature: (i) Alonso-Salces et al ( 2009) evaluated the phenolic and methylxanthine composition in green coffee beans using multivariate analysis to determine the species and geographic origin; (ii) Mehari et al (2016) evaluated the phenolic composition of green coffee beans from Ethiopia to verify origin; (iii) Mehari et al (2019) using the profile of fatty acids in green coffee beans and chemometrics to classify the origin in Ethiopia; (iv) Mendes et al (2022) used infrared data in combination with chemometrics to evaluate the origin of green coffee beans within the state of Minas Gerais; (v) Belchior et al (2022) evaluated the creation of regression models on roasted coffee beans to assign quality indices for specialty coffees; (vi) Quan et al (2023) evaluated chemometric models to verify the species and origin of green coffee beans from Vietnam; and (vii) Santos et al (2023), who used UV-Vis spectroscopy data combined with single-class modeling on green coffee beans, to perform geographic authentication. Moreover, the focus becomes more evident with the recent bibliographical review by Chen et al (2023), which presents advances in targeted and non-targeted analyses for adulterant detection, species identification, and discrimination of geographic origin.…”

Identifying the Origin of Yemeni Green Coffee Beans Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy: A Promising Tool for Traceability and Sustainability

“…Currently, there exist a small handful of methods used to identify the geographical origin of green coffee beans, including cupping, chemical analysis, isotope analysis, and, more recently, Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) 14,[21][22][23] . These approaches can be used independently or in combination to determine the origin of green coffee samples and, by extension, to avoid fraud.…”