Recent Progress on the Synthesis of Cyathane Type Diterpenes. A Review

Hericenones and erinacines: stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF) biosynthesis inHericium erinaceus

“…The structural novelty and significant biological activities displayed by the erinacines have also made members of this family attractive targets for total synthesis. Testimony to this is found in the number and diversity of approaches that have been developed to construct these fascinating natural products (Wright and Whitehead 2000;Takano et al 2004;Trost et al 2005), and construction of Scheme the 5-6-7 tricyclic core of the erinacines is the key step. However, the low yield, multi-step synthetic methods restrict their commercial application.…”

Anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic cyathane diterpenoids from the medicinal fungus Cyathus africanus

“…In particular, the species belonging to the genus Cyathus (Nidulariaceae family) are recognized as prolific producers of bioactive cyathane diterpenoids with a unique [5][6][7] tricyclic ring skeleton. Cyathane diterpenoids represent a group of natural products with great diversity in both structure and bioactivity [2][3][4]. Since the first discovery of cyathin A 3 and allocyathin B 3 from the liquid culture of Cyathus helenae in 1972 [5], a number of cyathane diterpenoids have been isolated from the fruiting bodies of mushroom Sarcodon scabrous [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], Sarcodon glaucopus [15,16], and Sarcodon cyrneus [17,18], the culture of fungi C. helenae [5,[19][20][21], Cyathus africanus [22], Cyathus earlei [23], Cyathus striatius [24], Strobilurus tenacellus [25] and Hericium erinaceum [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”

Synthetic efforts toward cyathane diterpenoid natural products

“…The details of cyathane diterpenoid biosynthesis have been covered in Wright's review, and as such will only be briefly summarized here 1. Subsequent to his isolation of the parent cyathins, Ayer conducted an in-depth study to scrutinize the biosynthetic origin of the cyathane diterpenoid core.…”

“…The work summarized here represents an update to the previous review on this topic which was reported in 2000, and as such will only cover cyathane core syntheses described in the literature past this date 1. For the purpose of comprehensive review and comparison, however, all known completed total syntheses will be detailed herein.…”