Recent progress on the design of hollow carbon spheres to host sulfur in room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries

Yang, Jiaying; Han, Haojie; Repich, Hlib; Zhi, Ri-cheng; Qu, Changzhen; Kong, Long; Kaskel, Stefan; Wang, Hongqiang; Xu, Fei; Li, Hejun

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.026

Cited by 3 publications

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“…RT-NaSBs possess a higher theoretical energy density than HT-NaSBs , because the former produces NaS 2 as the final product instead of Na 2 S 2 . , However, practical applications of RT-NaSBs remain challenging because of several constraints such as poor cycling stability due to the low electric conductivity and large volume expansion of the sulfur cathode . Furthermore, the multi-step redox transformation of sulfur to sodium polysulfides (Na 2 S n ) undesirably leads to gradual depletion of Na 2 S n in the common electrolyte solvents such as 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) due to the shuttle effect, causing the continuous loss of the electroactive materials as well as anode passivation. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 This problem has propelled the development of room-temperature NaSBs (RT-NaSBs) because of the possibilities in resolving the battery safety and reducing the maintenance cost of thermal management. 11,12 RT-NaSBs possess a higher theoretical energy density than HT-NaSBs 13,14 because the former produces NaS 2 as the final product instead of Na 2 S 2 . 15,16 However, practical applications of RT-NaSBs remain challenging because of several constraints such as poor cycling stability due to the low electric conductivity and large volume expansion of the sulfur cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficient Control of the Shuttle Effect in Sodium–Sulfur Batteries with Functionalized Nanoporous Graphenes

Hussain

Kaewmaraya

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries (RT-NaSBs) are the evolving candidates for large-scale stationary storage because of their major benefits including double-electron redox process and the natural abundance of sodium and sulfur resources. However, their practical applications have been hampered by the poor cycling stability due to the shuttle effect. This work aims at understanding the role of heteroatom-functionalized nanoporous graphene (NPG) in preventing the shuttle effect. The density functional theory method was used to unravel important properties associated with polysulfide–NPG interactions, including binding energy, electronic density of states, charge transfer mechanism, and dissociative energy barriers of the polysulfides. The findings reveal that oxygen- and nitrogen-functionalized NPG can effectively present the shuttle effect by chemically binding to sodium polysulfides (Na2S n ) with a binding energy stronger than that between Na2S n and the common electrolyte solvents. The chemical adsorption of Na2S n on the functionalized NPG causes a semiconductor-to-metal transition, benefiting the electrical conductivity. Moreover, the functionalized NPG lowers the Na2S dissociation energy to substantially form NaS and Na, which serves as a catalyst for enhancing the redox reactions between Na and S.

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