Abstract:Structural coloration generates colors by the interaction between incident light and micro-or nanoscale structures. It has received tremendous interest for decades, due to advantages including robustness against bleaching and environmentally friendly properties (compared with conventional pigments and dyes). As a versatile coloration strategy, the tuning of structural colors based on micro-and nanoscale photonic structures has been extensively explored and can enable a broad range of applications including dis… Show more
“…Through specific design and artificial arrangement, metasurfaces demonstrate a remarkable ability to manipulate the wavelength, amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. This versatility finds applications in diverse fields such as metalenses [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] , metaholograms [21][22][23][24][25][26] , structural colors [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] , optical vortex generation [35][36][37][38][39][40] , spectrometers [41][42][43][44] , imaging [44][45][46][47] , sensing [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] , and beam manipulation [56][57]…”
“…Through specific design and artificial arrangement, metasurfaces demonstrate a remarkable ability to manipulate the wavelength, amplitude, phase, and polarization of electromagnetic waves. This versatility finds applications in diverse fields such as metalenses [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] , metaholograms [21][22][23][24][25][26] , structural colors [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] , optical vortex generation [35][36][37][38][39][40] , spectrometers [41][42][43][44] , imaging [44][45][46][47] , sensing [48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] , and beam manipulation [56][57]…”
“…In Photonics Insights, Li et al have organized recent progress on structural coloration, encompassing all the issues and topics discussed earlier, thereby providing a comprehensive overview of advancements in structural coloration [11] . They begin with design strategies and working principles such as LSPR, gap plasmon, Mie resonance, and bound states in the continuum.…”
Phase imaging is widely used in biomedical imaging, sensing, and material characterization, among other fields. However, direct imaging of phase objects with subwavelength resolution remains a challenge. Here, we demonstrate subwavelength imaging of phase and amplitude objects based on all-optical diffractive encoding and decoding. To resolve subwavelength features of an object, the diffractive imager uses a thin, high-index solid-immersion layer to transmit high-frequency information of the object to a spatially-optimized diffractive encoder, which converts/encodes high-frequency information of the input into low-frequency spatial modes for transmission through air. The subsequent diffractive decoder layers (in air) are jointly designed with the encoder using deep-learning-based optimization, and communicate with the encoder layer to create magnified images of input objects at its output, revealing subwavelength features that would otherwise be washed away due to diffraction limit. We demonstrate that this all-optical collaboration between a diffractive solid-immersion encoder and the following decoder layers in air can resolve subwavelength phase and amplitude features of input objects in a highly compact design. To experimentally demonstrate its proof-of-concept, we used terahertz radiation and developed a fabrication method for creating monolithic multi-layer diffractive processors. Through these monolithically fabricated diffractive encoder-decoder pairs, we demonstrated phase-to-intensity $$({\varvec{P}}\to {\varvec{I}})$$
(
P
→
I
)
transformations and all-optically reconstructed subwavelength phase features of input objects (with linewidths of ~ λ/3.4, where λ is the illumination wavelength) by directly transforming them into magnified intensity features at the output. This solid-immersion-based diffractive imager, with its compact and cost-effective design, can find wide-ranging applications in bioimaging, endoscopy, sensing and materials characterization.
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