Recent progress on magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, surface functional strategies and biomedical applications

Abstract

This review focuses on the recent development and various strategies in the preparation, microstructure, and magnetic properties of bare and surface functionalized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs); their corresponding biological application was also discussed. In order to implement the practical in vivo or in vitro applications, the IONPs must have combined properties of high magnetic saturation, stability, biocompatibility, and interactive functions at the surface. Moreover, the surface of IONPs could be modified by organic materials or inorganic materials, such as polymers, biomolecules, silica, metals, etc. The new functionalized strategies, problems and major challenges, along with the current directions for the synthesis, surface functionalization and bioapplication of IONPs, are considered. Finally, some future trends and the prospects in these research areas are also discussed.

Synthesizing Iron Oxide Nanostructures: The Polyethylenenemine (PEI) Role

“…While the magnetic separation operated by Mohapatra clearly explains the absence of hematite in their samples, its presence could offer hindsight on the mechanism of the reduction process. The most likely hypothesis is that in the first step of the reduction, β-FeOOH is converted into hematite, due to its having the highest stability among iron oxide phases [22,36]. Later, hematite changes into magnetite by a reduction process, therefore, the magnetite nanostructures could be synthesized through a two-step phase transformation: β-FeOOH → α-Fe 2 O 3 → Fe 3 O 4 , with hematite as an intermediate step [22].…”

Innovative superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles coated with silica and conjugated with linoleic acid: Effect on tumor cell growth and viability

“…SPIONs, either coated with silica shell or uncoated, were prepared and functionalized with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in single-and bi-layer configuration. Silica was used for its ability to protect the magnetic core from oxidation, to improve the magnetite stability and to tailor the surface reactivity by improving biomolecule grafting [10]. CLA was chosen to improve SPION dispersion and to add an anticancer potential [11][12][13].…”

Synthesis of Polyhedral Magnetite Particles by Hydrothermal Process under High Pressure Condition

“…Magnetite particles have been widely used in separation processes, heat transfer applications, medical applications, biosensors, dynamic sealing, recovery of metal irons, and so on [2][3][4]. Due to the wide potential application of magnetite particles, the synthesis of this material has been studied intensively in recent years, which has makes them suitable for diverse applications [5].…”