Recent progress on gene-deleted live-attenuated African swine fever virus vaccines

Vu, Hiep L. X.; McVey, D. Scott

doi:10.1038/s41541-024-00845-9

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 120 publications

(149 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, the mutant obtained by deleting these six genes in HLJ/18 was completely attenuated in virulence and induced complete protection against the parental potent virus. However, it has been reported that the vaccine candidates (HLJ/18-6GD) reverted to virulence after six back-passages, and it remains unclear how this reversal occurred [ 89 , 90 ]. As the understanding of ASFV has grown, the LAVs that have developed have become more effective and stable in providing protection.…”

Section: Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variations of African Swine Fever Virus: Major Challenges and Prospects

Chen,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Viruses

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African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease affecting pigs and wild boars. It typically presents as a hemorrhagic fever but can also manifest in various forms, ranging from acute to asymptomatic. ASF has spread extensively globally, significantly impacting the swine industry. The complex and highly variable character of the ASFV genome makes vaccine development and disease surveillance extremely difficult. The overall trend in ASFV evolution is towards decreased virulence and increased transmissibility. Factors such as gene mutation, viral recombination, and the strain-specificity of virulence-associated genes facilitate viral variations. This review deeply discusses the influence of these factors on viral immune evasion, pathogenicity, and the ensuing complexities encountered in vaccine development, disease detection, and surveillance. The ultimate goal of this review is to thoroughly explore the genetic evolution patterns and variation mechanisms of ASFV, providing a theoretical foundation for advancement in vaccine and diagnostic technologies.

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Section: Control Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variations of African Swine Fever Virus: Major Challenges and Prospects

Chen,

Wang,

Luo

et al. 2024

Viruses

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“…The use of recombinant attenuated virus strains as potential vaccine candidates has recently increased [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Novel vaccine candidates were developed by deleting ASFV genes involved in the production of the disease in pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant Vaccine Strain ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK Produced in the IPKM Cell Line Is Genetically Stable and Efficacious in Inducing Protection in Pigs Challenged with the Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Field Isolate Georgia 2010

Ramirez-Medina,

Rai,

Espinoza

et al. 2024

Pathogens

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We have previously reported that the recombinant African Swine Fever (ASF) vaccine candidate ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK efficiently induces protection in domestic pigs challenged with the virulent strain Georgia 2010 (ASFV-G). As reported, ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK induces protection, while intramuscularly (IM), administered at doses of 104 HAD50 or higher, prevents ASF clinical disease in animals infected with the homologous ASFV g strain. Like other recombinant vaccine candidates obtained from ASFV field isolates, ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK stocks need to be produced in primary cultures of swine macrophages, which constitutes an important limitation in the production of large virus stocks at the industrial level. Here, we describe the development of ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK stocks using IPKM (Immortalized Porcine Kidney Macrophage) cells, which are derived from swine macrophages. We show that ten successive passages of ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK in IPKM cells induced small changes in the virus genome. The produced virus, ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUKp10, presented a similar level of replication in swine macrophages cultures to that of the original ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK (ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUKp0). The protective efficacy of ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUKp10 was evaluated in pigs that were IM-inoculated with either 104 or 106 HAD50 of ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUKp10. While animals inoculated with 104 HAD50 present a partial protection against the experimental infection with the virulent parental virus ASFV-G, those inoculated with 106 HAD50 were completely protected. Therefore, as was just recently reported for another ASF vaccine candidate, ASFV-G-ΔI177L, IPKM cells are an effective alternative to produce stocks for vaccine strains which only grow in swine macrophages.

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“…Various approaches have been employed, which include inactivated, subunit, DNA, virus-vectored, and live-attenuated (LAV) ASF vaccines [ 11 ]. Among these approaches, inactivated and subunit vaccines are safe but do not induce protective immunity [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] while live-attenuated (LAV) ASF vaccines are the most promising and exhibit a wide range of safety and efficacy against ASF [ 15 ]. Although it poses no threat to humans, ASF outbreaks can have a major effect on the pork sector, resulting in national and international restrictions on trade, affecting food security, and leading to major financial economic losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

African Swine Fever in the Philippines: A Review on Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Strategies

Fernandez-Colorado,

Kim,

Flores

et al. 2024

Animals

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African swine fever (ASF), a highly contagious disease of swine, has posed a significant global threat to the swine industry. As an archipelago, the Philippines has a geographic advantage when it comes to the risk of ASF transmission. However, since its introduction to the Philippines in 2019, it has proliferated not only in backyard and commercial farms but also in wild pig populations. While certain parts of the country were more affected than others, the epidemiologic features of ASF necessitate that all affected areas must be closely monitored and that confirmed cases be treated with the utmost care. With the very limited data on ASF epidemiology and surveillance in the Philippines, future efforts to combat ASF must place even greater emphasis on improved prevention and control strategies. It is worth mentioning that the government’s efforts toward comprehensive ASF surveillance and epidemiological investigation into the possible ASFV sources or transmission pathways are the most important measures in the prevention and control of ASF outbreaks. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current swine industry and ASF situation in the Philippines, which includes its epidemiology, surveillance, prevention, and control strategies.

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Recent progress on gene-deleted live-attenuated African swine fever virus vaccines

Cited by 5 publications

References 120 publications

Genetic Variations of African Swine Fever Virus: Major Challenges and Prospects

Genetic Variations of African Swine Fever Virus: Major Challenges and Prospects

Recombinant Vaccine Strain ASFV-G-Δ9GL/ΔUK Produced in the IPKM Cell Line Is Genetically Stable and Efficacious in Inducing Protection in Pigs Challenged with the Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Field Isolate Georgia 2010

African Swine Fever in the Philippines: A Review on Surveillance, Prevention, and Control Strategies

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