Recent progress on ferrocene-based burning rate catalysts for propellant applications

Synthesis of Ferrocene‐based Esters as Burning Rate Catalysts and their Anti‐migration Study

“…The produced nanoparticles catalyze the T d of AP, which further involves oxidation and reduction processes to provide gaseous products. [ 22 ]…”

Catalytic Effects of Ruthenocene Bimetallic Compounds Derived from Fused Aromatic Ring Ligands on the Main Oxidizing Agent for Solid Rocket Motor

“…Ferrocene-type compounds have been reported to be effective catalysts on the thermal decomposition of AP. [12][13][14]16,17 These previous reports inspired us to test the activity of the ruthenocene-derived bimetallic compounds 1, 2, and 3 (Figure 1) as potential burning rate catalysts compared with ferrocene (Fc), catocene (Cat), and their analogous iron compounds, and determine the existence of unusual effects when the two moieties are different from ferrocene on the thermal degradation of AP.…”

“…1 Nevertheless, considering the limited loading of AP used for the development of rockets, it is imperative to increase its decomposition effectiveness further to produce a large amount of energy as far as possible and to decrease its combustion temperature for easy operation and control. 1 Different types of burning rate (BR) catalysts such as nanoparticles, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] coordination complexes, [9][10][11] and ferrocene derivatives [12][13][14][15][16][17] have been studied to improve the decomposition efficiency of AP. Among them, ferrocenelike homobimetallic compounds have recently reached huge attention due to their microscopic homogeneity in the distribution with the binder agent (HTPB: hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) and the astonishing effects over the burning rates and pressure indexes of the propellants.…”

“…Among them, ferrocenelike homobimetallic compounds have recently reached huge attention due to their microscopic homogeneity in the distribution with the binder agent (HTPB: hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene) and the astonishing effects over the burning rates and pressure indexes of the propellants. 12,16,[18][19][20][21] Since the thermal degradation of AP has a close relationship with the combustion process of the composite solid propellant, the combustion effect of BR catalyst candidates on the combustion behavior of the composite solid propellants is usually assessed by its effect on the thermal degradation of AP. In this context, it has been reported that suitable BR catalysts give rise to a shift in the high-temperature decomposition (HTD) peak of AP to the left, accelerating AP decomposition as well as increasing the released heat of AP.…”

Synthesis, Chiroptical, and Redox Properties of Ferrocene‐Containing Optically Active Polymers

“…Ferrocene derivatives containing various substituents including alkyl, vinyl, amino, and carboxy groups are utilized as key components of metal‐containing molecules and building blocks of macrocycles, metallacycles, and polymers . Ferrocene‐containing polymers are promising as functional materials applicable to memory devices, rechargeable lithium batteries, catalysts, and liquid crystalline materials . These polymers are synthesized by vinyl and ring‐opening polymerizations, and polycondensation/polyaddition .…”