Recent progress on electrolyte additives for stable lithium metal anode

Li, Shuo; Luo, Zheng; Li, Lin; Hu, Jiugang; Zou, Guoqiang; Hou, Hongshuai; Ji, Xiaobo

doi:10.1016/j.ensm.2020.07.008

Cited by 162 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…While improved metal anodes, [26–31] electrolytes [32,33] and advanced characterization methods to study metal deposition [34–38] are being developed in the context of Li‐ and Na‐metal batteries, the use of non‐optimized metal foils as CE in half‐cells is a common practice in Li‐ and Na‐ion battery research. In this regard, the most obvious but hardly considered problem with measurements in 2‐EHC is the long‐term behavior of the Li or Na CE.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Characterization of Battery Materials in 2‐Electrode Half‐Cell Configuration: A Balancing Act Between Simplicity and Pitfalls

Heubner

Maletti

Lohrberg

et al. 2021

Batteries & Supercaps

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The development of advanced battery materials requires fundamental research studies, particularly in terms of electrochemical performance. Most investigations on novel materials for Li‐ or Na‐ion batteries are carried out in 2‐electrode half‐cells (2‐EHC) using Li‐ or Na‐metal as the negative electrode. Although such cells are easy to assemble and generally provide sufficient stability, scientists should be aware of any effects that may influence the measurements, and care should be taken when interpreting the corresponding results. The present work addresses specific effects that can affect the electrochemical response of measurements in 2‐EHC. Critical points to be considered for long‐term cycling tests and impedance analyses are discussed and illustrated with relevant examples. The different behavior of electrochemically deposited and pristine alkali metal electrodes is shown, deriving the corresponding impact on the characterization of the actual material of interest. We demonstrate possible impacts of anode‐cathode crosstalk effects on the evaluation of measurements in 2‐EHC and highlight challenges and pitfalls in the interpretation of measurements in 2‐EHC with respect to kinetic and thermodynamic properties and battery performance. These findings contribute to the understanding of the limitations of electrochemical characterization in 2‐EHCs and should be carefully considered by researchers when evaluating novel battery materials.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Characterization of Battery Materials in 2‐Electrode Half‐Cell Configuration: A Balancing Act Between Simplicity and Pitfalls

Heubner

Maletti

Lohrberg

et al. 2021

Batteries & Supercaps

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“…In this regard, the lithium‐metal batteries (LMBs) provide a new possibility for high energy density systems [8, 11–18] by using Li metal as anodes, due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g −1 ) and low electrochemical potential (−3.04 V vs. the standard hydrogen electrode). However, lithium metal is extremely reactive with most organic electrolytes, [19, 20] leading to low coulombic efficiency (CE) [21–28] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulating the Solvation Sheath of Li Ions by Using Hydrogen Bonds for Highly Stable Lithium–Metal Anodes

et al. 2021

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The performance of Li anodes is extremely affected by the solvation of Li ions, leading to preferential reduction of the solvation sheath and subsequent formation of fragile solid–electrolyte interphase (SEI), Li dendrites, and low coulombic efficiency (CE). Herein, we propose a novel strategy to regulate the solvation sheath, through the introduction of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with both the anions of Li salt and the solvent by small amount additives. The addition of such hydrogen bonds reduced the LUMO energy level of anions in electrolyte, promoted the formation of a robust SEI, reduced the amount of free solvent molecules, and enhanced stability of electrolytes. Based on this strategy, flat and dense lithium deposition was obtained. Even under lean electrolytes, at a current density of 1 mA cm−2 with a fixed capacity of 3 mAh cm−2, the Li–Cu cells showed an impressive CE value of 99.2 %. The Li‐LiFePO4 full cells showed long‐term cycling stability for more than 1000 cycles at 1 C, with a total capacity loss of only 15 mAh g−1.

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“…Due to the extremely high local current density on the surface of the lithium anode, Li + would be unevenly distributed on the anode surface, which was considered as one of the reasons for the growth of lithium dendrites. [ 131 ] Although the regulation of the SEI layer, electrostatic shield mechanism and alloying mechanism, mentioned above promoted the uniform deposition of lithium to a certain extent, these methods did not fundamentally change the distribution of Li ions and the growth behavior of lithium dendrite. [ 132 ] In addition, the additives for constructing SEI layer would be continuously consumed, as the SEI layer was repeatedly broken and reorganized.…”

Section: Other Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrolyte additives: Adding the stability of lithium metal anodes

Dai

Wang

2020

Nano Select

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Lithium metal is regarded as the “holy grail” of anodes due to its highest theoretical specific capacity and lowest electrode potential, and hence is considered as a promising anode candidate to meet the growing demand for large scale energy storage devices. However, lithium metal anode is suffering the challenges in side reactions, volume change, and low Coulombic efficiency, and particularly the growth of lithium dendrites, which extremely limits its practical applications. To tackle these issues, many strategies have been developed. Among them, the addition of electrolyte additives is an effective and the simplest method. In this review, electrolyte additives for enhancing the stability of Li metal anodes are summarized, according to their different working mechanisms. The prospects of key challenges and future trends of such electrolyte additives are discussed.

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Recent progress on electrolyte additives for stable lithium metal anode

Cited by 162 publications

References 142 publications

Electrochemical Characterization of Battery Materials in 2‐Electrode Half‐Cell Configuration: A Balancing Act Between Simplicity and Pitfalls

Electrochemical Characterization of Battery Materials in 2‐Electrode Half‐Cell Configuration: A Balancing Act Between Simplicity and Pitfalls

Regulating the Solvation Sheath of Li Ions by Using Hydrogen Bonds for Highly Stable Lithium–Metal Anodes

Electrolyte additives: Adding the stability of lithium metal anodes

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