Recent Progress on Biological Activity of Amaryllidaceae and Further Isoquinoline Alkaloids in Connection with Alzheimer’s Disease

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease recognized as the most common form of dementia among elderly people. Due to the fact that the exact pathogenesis of AD still remains to be fully elucidated, the treatment is only symptomatic and available drugs are not able to modify AD progression. Considering the increase in life expectancy worldwide, AD rates are predicted to increase enormously, and thus the search for new AD drugs is urgently needed. Due to their complex nitrogen-containing structures, alkaloids are considered to be promising candidates for use in the treatment of AD. Since the introduction of galanthamine as an antidementia drug in 2001, Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AAs) and further isoquinoline alkaloids (IAs) have been one of the most studied groups of alkaloids. In the last few years, several compounds of new structure types have been isolated and evaluated for their biological activity connected with AD. The present review aims to comprehensively summarize recent progress on AAs and IAs since 2010 up to June 2021 as potential drugs for the treatment of AD.

Alkaloids Lead to Potential Inhibition of the Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase to Attenuate Tuberculosis; an in-silico Analysis

“…The exploration of anti-tuberculosis activity was done in this study and promising outcomes were witnessed. The biological activity of avicine (C3) in Alzheimer's disease is well established through animal models (Cahlíková et al, 2021;Plazas, 2020). Avicine has also displayed hopeful anti-mycobacterial activity predictions in this study.…”

Structural Diversity and Biological Potential of Alkaloids from the Genus Hippeastrum, Amaryllidaceae: an Update

“…About 40% of the alkaloids identified in Hippeastrum extracts showed the presence of the alkaloid haemanthamine in their profile (Table S1 ). This structure has been identified on many occasions in Amaryllidaceae plants and has received considerable attention in the last years due to its cytotoxic properties (Doskocil et al 2015 ; Cahlíková et al 2021 ). This alkaloid can trigger apoptosis in many cell lines (Nair and Van Staden, 2019 ).…”

“…The AA are derived from the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine and are synthesized within the norbelladine pathway (Battersby et al, 1961;Singh and Desgagné-Penix 2014). Norbelladine is methylated to form 4′-O-methylnorbelladine (1), which serves as a key intermediate for multiples biosynthetic pathways, and the phenolic oxidative coupling of this structure results in the formation of different groups of AA (Scheme 1) (Barton andCohen 1956, Bastida et al 2006;Kilgore and Kutchan, 2015;Cahlíková et al 2021). In a recent review, the AA were classified into 42 skeleton types, including protoalkaloids (found in many Amaryllidaceae plants), Sceletium, and miscellaneous alkaloid characteristics of other plant families (Berkov et al 2020).…”

ADME profiling, molecular docking, DFT, and MEP analysis reveal cissamaline, cissamanine, and cissamdine from Cissampelos capensis L.f. as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents

“…1 ). 13 Isoquinoline alkaloids, including proaporphine types, are recognized for their neuroprotective effects. 13 However, the impact of these newly discovered proaporphine alkaloids on diseases like AD have not yet been studied experimentally or theoretically using molecular simulation techniques.…”

“… 13 Isoquinoline alkaloids, including proaporphine types, are recognized for their neuroprotective effects. 13 However, the impact of these newly discovered proaporphine alkaloids on diseases like AD have not yet been studied experimentally or theoretically using molecular simulation techniques. This lack of information has led to the rationale of this study, which designed to fill this gap via utilizing computational strategies to investigate the putative neuroprotective properties of these compounds.…”