Recent Progress of Metal Nanoparticle Catalysts for C–C Bond Forming Reactions

Abstract

Over the past few decades, the use of transition metal nanoparticles (NPs) in catalysis has attracted much attention and their use in C–C bond forming reactions constitutes one of their most important applications. A huge variety of metal NPs, which have showed high catalytic activity for C–C bond forming reactions, have been developed up to now. Many kinds of stabilizers, such as inorganic materials, magnetically recoverable materials, porous materials, organic–inorganic composites, carbon materials, polymers, and surfactants have been utilized to develop metal NPs catalysts. This review classified and outlined the categories of metal NPs by the type of support.

The Road Less Traveled: Unconventional Site Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Dihalogenated N-Heteroarenes

“…Catalyst speciation can be complicated, and in many circumstances it is reasonable to expect a mixture of homogeneous, heterogeneous, and soluble nanoparticle species . In particular, higher reaction temperatures can promote the conversion from mono- to multinuclearity, and some additives (e.g., tetralkylammonium halides or -hydroxides) can stabilize nanoparticles by preventing their aggregation into higher-order species …”

Tubular Catalytic Polyhipe Reactor with Deposited Silver Nanoplate Nanoparticles

“…To design a high performance catalytic reactor, the morphology of the nanoparticles must be considered in addition to their size [23]. In this work, we focused on a catalyst based on silver metal nanocrystals, which has been extensively studied for the conversion of organic molecules [24,25], conversion of CO 2 to fuels [26,27], oxygen reduction reactions [28], redox reactions [29], and as a reducing agent in ATRP [30]. AgNPs can be prepared by various approaches in different sizes and morphologies [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41].…”

Surface Chemistry-Dominated Shape and Phase Transitions in PbBi Binary Nanoparticles: Implications for the Stability of Nanomaterials in Application

“…Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are an important kind of functional material as they frequently exhibit extraordinary properties and can be used in diverse applications such as catalysts, − sensors, − and functional substrates. − In the past decades, great efforts have been made to design NPs with desired properties . However, a realistic result is found that the property and performance of NPs can be crucially influenced by their hypersensitive surface conditions, exhibiting surface-dominant behaviors. − For example, tin (Sn), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu) NPs with energetic surfaces are found to deform in a liquid-/rubber-like fashion at room temperature, showing discrepant mechanical behaviors in contrast to the plastic fashion observed in their bulk counterparts. − Metallic NPs with the same crystalline structures but different surface chemistry conditions show inconsistent thermal-related properties including melting behavior, − sublimation scenario, − coalescence and sintering, − and so forth.…”