Recent Progress of Film Fabrication Process for Carbon-Based All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells

Abstract

Although the certified power conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 25.7%, their thermal and long-term stability is a major challenge due to volatile organic components. This problem has been a major obstacle to their large-scale commercialization. In the last few years, carbon-based all-inorganic perovskite solar cells (C−IPSCs) have exhibited high stability and low-cost advantages by adopting the all-inorganic component with cesium lead halide (CsPbI3−xBrx, x = 0 ~ 3) and eliminating the hole-transporting layer by using cheap carbon paste as the back electrode. So far, many astonishing developments have been achieved in the field of C−IPSCs. In particular, the unencapsulated CsPbBr3 C-IPSCs exhibit excellent stability over thousands of hours in an ambient environment. In addition, the power conversion efficiencies of CsPbI3 and CsPbI2Br C-IPSCs have exceeded 15%, which is close to that of commercial multicrystalline solar cells. Obtaining high-quality cesium lead halide-based perovskite films is the most important aspect in the preparation of high-performance C-IPSCs. In this review, the main challenges in the high-quality film fabrication process for high performance C-IPSCs are summarized and the film fabrication process strategies for CsPbBr3, CsPbIBr2, CsPbI2Br, and CsPbI3 are systematically discussed, respectively. In addition, the prospects for future film fabrication processes for C-IPSCs are proposed.

Phase Behavior and Role of Organic Additives for Self-Doped CsPbI3 Perovskite Semiconductor Thin Films

“…Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have the general formula of ABX 3 , where A is methyl ammonium (MA) CH 3 NH 3 + , formamidinium (FA) CH(NH 2 ) 2 + , methylhydrazinium CH 3 (NH 2 ) 2 + , aziridinium (CH 2 ) 2 NH 2 + , cesium (Cs), or rubidium(Rb); B is lead (Pb), tin (Sn) or manganese (Mn); and X is halide (Cl, Br, I) or its mixture [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. MHPs can serve as a semiconducting active layer for photovoltaic (PV) cells, photodetectors (PD), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), field-effect transistors (FETs), and sensors [ 5 , 6 ]. Due to the thermal instability of organic cations, all-inorganic cesium lead halide (CsPbX 3 , X = Cl, Br, I) becomes an alternative material by incorporating the inorganic cesium instead of MA or FA [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ].…”