Recent Progress in the Removal of Heavy Metal Ions from Water Using Metal‐Organic Frameworks

Abstract

The efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions from wastewater has become a serious challenge from both environmental and biological viewpoints. Recently, porous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), with metallic clusters and organic linkers, have been developed as promising structures in the capture of different toxic and hazardous substances, including heavy metal ions, because of their unique features. Here there is a collection for recent progress in the field of water remediation from the variable‐valent metals in polluted water and the corresponding MOFs which are able to remove these pollutant agents from water. Meanwhile, effective factors in the absorption of metal ions are discussed. MOFs are considered to be a promising candidate for metal ions removal from wastewater.

Thiosemicarbazone modified zeolitic imidazolate framework (TSC-ZIF) for mercury(ii) removal from water

“…[44][45][46] The remarkable stability of ZIF-8 in aqueous and high pH environments renders it an ideal candidate for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. 47 Heavy metals, in general, are toxic to all living organisms. 48 Mercury, in particular, is considered to be extremely dangerous due to high solubility and bioaccumulation properties.…”

Ultrastable MOF-based foams for versatile applications

“…Notably, the Pb(II) and Cd(II) distribution coefficients (K d ) (Fig. 6(c)) for 53(Fe)-MOFith 20 are solely higher than threshold values of 5,000 and 104 at low initial concentrations [37,62], matching or even exceeding those of state-of-the-art MOF-based adsorbents [63][64][65]. Moreover, no evident loss of adsorption capacity and MOFith mass is observed after 5 cycles (Fig.…”

Recent Advances of Nanoremediation Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation: A Review

“…Nevertheless, adopting risk-based management approaches is increasingly a focus of environmental researchers due to the high demand for sustainable responses to environmental pollutions [14,30]. The polluted environments are usually surface water, sediments, soil, and groundwater, which are mainly contaminated with low and high molecular weight petroleum hydrocarbon compounds, semi-volatile organic compounds, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls, persistent organic pollutants, organochlorinated pesticides, NAPL, hydrophobic organic compounds, heavy metals, and xenobiotics [31][32][33]. These pollutants may migrate or spread far from the source and seriously affect flora, fauna, and the ecosystem [30].…”

“…Clay, iron oxide, and organic matter are examples of naturally occurring NPs in soil composition. Manufactured NPs are either developed or synthesized with a unique property to enhance their industrial or technological applications [32,[48][49][50]. Generally, nanomaterials can be produced by two methods; the first method is from outside to inside or from top to bottom, whereby a significant part transfers into the minor parts.…”