Recent progress in the graphene functionalized nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors

Pandey, Rajat Kumar; Kapoor, Deepak; Kumar, Deepak; Tonk, Rajiv Kumar; Kalikeri, Shankramma; Rao, Srilatha; Jayaprakash, Gururaj Kudur

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823788-5.00007-7

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“…Graphene is a 2D material with carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb structure and has been employed for sensor development due to its remarkable properties, such as: large surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity and chemical stability [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Graphene-based biosensors have been intensively investigated in enzymatic bio-sensing [ 31 ], DNA sensing, immunosensing [ 32 ] and cancer cell sensing [ 33 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Graphene-Based Biosensor for Tumor Cell Dielectric Signature Evaluation

et al. 2022

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The selective and rapid detection of tumor cells is of critical consequence for the theragnostic field of tumorigenesis; conventional methods, such as histopathological diagnostic methods, often require a long analysis time, excessive analytical costs, complex operations, qualified personnel and deliver many false-positive results. We are considering a new approach of an electrochemical biosensor based on graphene, which is evidenced to be a revolutionary nanomaterial enabling the specific and selective capture of tumor cells. In this paper, we report a biosensor fabricated by growing vertically aligned graphene nanosheets on the conductive surface of interdigitated electrodes which is functionalized with anti-EpCAM antibodies. The dielectric signature of the three types of tumor cells is determined by correlating the values from the Nyquist and Bode diagram: charge transfer resistance, electrical double layer capacity, Debye length, characteristic relaxation times of mobile charges, diffusion/adsorption coefficients, and variation in the electrical permittivity complex and of the phase shift with frequency. These characteristics are strongly dependent on the type of membrane molecules and the electromagnetic resonance frequency. We were able to use the fabricated sensor to differentiate between three types of tumor cell lines, HT-29, SW403 and MCF-7, by dielectric signature. The proposed evaluation method showed the permittivity at 1 MHz to be 3.63 nF for SW403 cells, 4.97 nF for HT 29 cells and 6.9 nF for MCF-7 cells.

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