Recent progress in the development of solid catalysts for biomass conversion into high value-added chemicals

Abstract

In recent decades, the substitution of non-renewable fossil resources by renewable biomass as a sustainable feedstock has been extensively investigated for the manufacture of high value-added products such as biofuels, commodity chemicals, and new bio-based materials such as bioplastics. Numerous solid catalyst systems for the effective conversion of biomass feedstocks into value-added chemicals and fuels have been developed. Solid catalysts are classified into four main groups with respect to their structures and substrate activation properties: (a) micro- and mesoporous materials, (b) metal oxides, (c) supported metal catalysts, and (d) sulfonated polymers. This review article focuses on the activation of substrates and/or reagents on the basis of groups (a)–(d), and the corresponding reaction mechanisms. In addition, recent progress in chemocatalytic processes for the production of five industrially important products (5-hydroxymethylfurfural, lactic acid, glyceraldehyde, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone, and furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid) as bio-based plastic monomers and their intermediates is comprehensively summarized.

Recent advances on the utilization of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and related heterogeneous catalysts in a lignocellulosic-feedstock biorefinery scheme

“…[11][12][13][14] These types of heterogeneous catalysts are already playing a relevant role in several biomass valorization processes (including lignocellulosic biomass), as can be seen from the numerous scientific reports and literature revisions dedicated to this topic. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Nonetheless, most of the reviews currently available in the literature are focused on the utilization and potential of inorganic metal oxides (either pure or mixed metal oxides) and zeolites for biomass transformation (and derived platform molecules), and less attention has been given to LDH-type and derived catalysts.…”

Hydrolysis of Corncob Using a Modified Carbon-based Solid Acid Catalyst

“…Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, one of the chemical methods for depolymerization, has been viewed as the most efficient approach for lignocellulosic degradation. Acid hydrolysis can be carried out with mineral and organic acids in the form of free or solid state (Hara et al 2015;Loow et al 2016). The application of a carbonbased solid acid (CSA) catalyst to hydrolyze the substrate has received wide attention because of its low cost, limited equipment corrosion, high reactivity, and stability .…”

Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Oxidation Catalysis: State of the Art and Challenges for a More Sustainable World

“…[72,73] Metal oxide catalysts may also be used for thermochemical storageo fs olar energy [74] in concentrated solare nergy plants (CSP) to store heat, which can be used in the absence of sunlight to generate electricity, hydrogen or produce solar fuels. [79] This constitutes a major challenge for the future (see Section2.2). Oxygen vacancies are considered to be the active sites of the oxides, and the H 2 /CO mixture can be transformed into chemicals and fuels by many catalytic processes (e.g.,F ischer-Tropsch, methanation,methanol/dimethyl ether).…”