Recent progress in the development of advanced biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

Abstract

Biomass-derived 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) with excellent energy density and satisfactory combustion performance holds great promise to meet the growing demands for transportation fuels and fuel additives to a certain extent. In this review, we summarized the relative merits of the EMF preparation from different feedstocks, such as platform chemicals, biomass sugars and lignocellulosic biomass. Advances for EMF synthesis over homogeneous (i.e. inorganic acids and soluble metal salts), heterogeneous catalysts (i.e. zeolites, heteropolyacidbased hybrids, sulfonic acid-functionalized catalysts, and others) or mixed-acid catalysts were performed as well. Additionally, the emerging development for the EMF production was also evaluated in terms of the different solvents system (i.e. single-phase solvents, biphasic solvents, ionic liquids, and deep eutectic solvents). It is concluded with current challenges and prospects for advanced biofuel EMF preparation in the future.

Carbon Quantum Dots-Functionalized UiO-66-NH2 Enabling Efficient Infrared Light Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfuryl with Waste Ethanol into 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural

“…As shown in Figure 4 , the representative elements of C, N, O, S, P, Zr, and Cl can be clearly observed in the XPS survey and high-resolution spectra, in accordance with the EDX mapping results shown in Figure 1 , which again confirms the successful construction of H + /BCQDs/UiO-66-NH 2 catalyst. Furthermore, all the materials produced comparable C 1s, N 1s, O 1s, and Zr 3d XPS spectra, demonstrating the high structural stability of UiO-66-NH 2 against the modification of BCQDs and acidification treatment [ 3 , 5 ]. It should be noted here that the abundant oxygen-containing and amino groups on the surface of the materials would allow the strong interactions between BCQDs and UiO-66-NH 2 .…”

“…In this regard, the exploration of clean fuels, for example, renewable biofuels, as an alternative to the traditional fossil fuel has been shown as a promising way to overcome the aforementioned problems [ 3 , 4 ]. Among various biofuels, 5-ethoxymethylfurfural (EMF) with the energy density of 30.3 MJ·L −1 (comparable to that of diesel (33.6 MJ·L −1 ) and gasoline (30.6 MJ·L −1 )) has been considered as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Furthermore, the use of EMF instead of fossils could also decrease soot and sulfur oxide emissions, which may have a positive effect in alleviating the air pollution [ 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Homogeneous Catalyzed Valorization of Furanics: A Sustainable Bridge to Fuels and Chemicals

“…This chemical is usually synthesized from biomass sugars (glucose, fructose, or inulin) over an acid catalyst in ethanol. In comparison with the traditional hydrolysis, the use of the ethanolic system minimize the waste-water treatment and discharge [162]. The reported homogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of EMF include inorganic acids and soluble metal salts.…”

Catalytic Upgrading of Lignocellulosic Biomass Sugars Toward Biofuel 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural

“…Moreover, the large amount of glucose can be obtained from cheap LCB, which is also a choice for economic and environmental development. At present, relevant reviews have summarized the use of various types of catalysts to convert different raw materials into EMF (Chen B. et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2021). But almost no review focused on the mechanism of EMF synthesis from glucose to EMF.…”