Recent progress in studies on the characteristics of surface rupture associated with large earthquakes

Choi, Jin‐Hyuck; Kim, Young‐Seog; Klinger, Yann

doi:10.14770/jgsk.2017.53.1.129

Cited by 27 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The Yangsan fault is a large‐scale, NE‐striking strike‐slip fault and is the longest out of the seven faults with an inland extension of about 200 km (Figure 1a, Chang et al., 1990; Lee & Jin, 1991). Based on historical ( n = 126) and instrumental ( n = 14) earthquake data along the fault (Lee & Jin, 1991) and geometrical characteristics identified from its satellite images (Choi et al., 2017), it was proposed that it consists of three (northern, central, and southern) segments. According to previous studies on the internal structure of the fault, the fault width (i.e., the sum of the widths of a core zone and damage zones) is as large as 1.6 km in the southern and central segments (Choi et al., 2009).…”

Section: The Yangsan Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Records of Coseismic Shear Localization Along the Yangsan Fault, Korea

2021

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In natural fault zones, shear strain is mainly accommodated in fault rocks (or fault materials) that make up the fault core (i.e., a central high-strain zone of a brittle fault; Fossen, 2016). The shear strain may be localized in short-term and long-term scales. The long-term localization has been reported from both seismogenic and aseismic fault zones (e.g., Sibson, 2003). Seismic rupture events may repeatedly occur in a slip zone over a long period, expressed by progressive displacement of geomorphic features (e.g., Lensen, 1968). Also, aseismic fault slip may be accommodated in narrow zones of meters to decimeters in thickness (e.g., the Hayward fault; Bilham & Whitehead, 1997). Aseismic shear localization observed from statically weak faults appears to be promoted by the operation of time-dependent, fluid-assisted deformation mechanisms (e.g., dissolution-precipitation creep) in fault rocks (e.g.,

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Section: The Yangsan Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geological Records of Coseismic Shear Localization Along the Yangsan Fault, Korea

2021

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“…Several models have been proposed regarding the segmentation of the YF based not only on fault geometry but also seismic activity and fault kinematics (e.g., Lee & Jin, 1991;Chang & Chang, 2009;Choi et al, 2017). Nevertheless, these segmentation models have not been examined with respect to paleoseismic parameters.…”

Section: The Yangsan Faultmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratigraphic Constraints of Rupture Kinematics and Scenarios of Paleoearthquakes on the Southern Yangsan Fault, SE Korea

Kim

Choi

Cheon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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After the 2016 Gyeongju Earthquake (M W 5.5) in SE Korea, the NNE-SSW-striking Yangsan Fault (YF) seismicity has emerged as a significant scientific issue and hazard. Despite previous studies of the seismicity of the YF, the paleoseismic information of the fault remain uncertain. We carried out paleoseismic investigations to characterize surface rupturing and the paleoseismic history of the northern section of the southern YF. Deflected streams and displaced river terraces indicate a dextral sense of slip, and fault splays cutting unconsolidated sedimentary strata in trench walls show an east-side-up geometry. The dextral strike-slip faulting with a minor reverse component is characterized by several noticeable stratigraphic features, including fissure-filling deposits, sag ponds, and cut-and-fill streams along the fault splay. Based on fault-sediment cross-cutting relationships and optically stimulated luminescence ages of unconsolidated sediments, we propose two possible rupture scenarios for the most recent earthquake event along the studied fault section during the Late Pleistocene: (1) a single rupture along the entire section (WS-MH-IBN-IB) at ca. 30 ka and (2) individual partial ruptures along two segments of the section (WS-MH and IBN-IB) during 33-30 and 29-17 ka, respectively. It is also noted that the timings of earlier ruptures (penultimate earthquake events) of the two segments are 37-35 and 70-52 ka, respectively. Furthermore, the timing(s) of the most recent earthquake for our studied section is much older than that of the southern section of the northern YF.

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“…Near the eastern boundary of the Eurasian Plate, the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula is a region with many large faults that can be confirmed by shaded relief or satellite images. The Yangsan fault zone is one of the largest faults at >170 km long with an NNE-SSW strike, which is divided into nine segments ( Figure 1, [17]). Since the Cretaceous, the Yangsan fault has been activated at least twice due to large events, such as the collision of the Indian Plate and the opening of the East Sea (Japan Sea) [18].…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D Fabric Analysis in Fault Rock Using Synchrotron μ-CT: A Statistical Approach to SPO (Shape Preferred Orientation) for Estimation of Fault Motion

et al. 2020

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This study provides information about fault motion by statistically presenting shape and orientation information for tens of thousands of grains. The recently developed shape preferred orientation (SPO) measurement method using synchrotron micro-computed tomography was used. In addition, various factors that were not considered in previous SPO analysis were analyzed in-depth. The study area included the Yangsan and Ulsan fault zones, which are the largest fault zones in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula. Samples were collected from five outcrops in two regions. According to the field observation results, the samples in the area were largely divided into fault gouge and cataclasite, and as a result of SPO analysis, we succeeded in restoring the three-dimensional fault motion direction for each outcrop and identified the fault type. In addition, the analysis results of the fault gouge and cataclasite samples collected from the thin fault zone were interpreted using the focal mechanism solution. As a result, the statistical SPO analysis approach supplements the shortcomings of previous research methods on two-dimensional planes and can quantitatively infer the three-dimensional fault motion for various fault rock samples in the same sequence, thus, presenting useful evidence for structural analysis.

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Recent progress in studies on the characteristics of surface rupture associated with large earthquakes

Cited by 27 publications

References 118 publications

Geological Records of Coseismic Shear Localization Along the Yangsan Fault, Korea

Geological Records of Coseismic Shear Localization Along the Yangsan Fault, Korea

Stratigraphic Constraints of Rupture Kinematics and Scenarios of Paleoearthquakes on the Southern Yangsan Fault, SE Korea

3D Fabric Analysis in Fault Rock Using Synchrotron μ-CT: A Statistical Approach to SPO (Shape Preferred Orientation) for Estimation of Fault Motion

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