Recent progress in silver nanowire networks for flexible organic electronics

Li, Wenting; Zhang, Huan; Shi, Shengwei; Xu, Jinxin; Qin, Xin; He, Qiqi; Yang, Kecong; Dai, Wubin; Liu, Gang; Zhou, Quan; Yu, Huangzhong; Silva, S. Ravi P.; Fahlman, Mats

doi:10.1039/c9tc06865a

Cited by 139 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 330 publications

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“…For use in flexible PSCs, high‐performance FTEs are required, which exhibit low sheet resistance, high light transmittance, low surface roughness, excellent flexibility, large‐area uniformity, and prepattern and mass production compatibility. [ 17–19 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among these, silver nanowire (AgNW) electrodes are recognized as the most promising owing to their high light transmittance, low sheet resistance, good processability, and excellent flexibility. [ 17,29 ] Both bottom [ 28–31 ] and top [ 32–34 ] electrodes using AgNW networks have been reported in polymer and perovskite solar cells. However, in terms of the FTE for PSCs, only a few studies have been conducted, [ 2,17,35–37 ] and these AgNW films were prepared by spin coating [ 2,36,37 ] or slot‐die coating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High Power Conversion Efficiency of 13.61% for 1 cm² Flexible Polymer Solar Cells Based on Patternable and Mass‐Producible Gravure‐Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes

Wang

Han

Yan

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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With the aim of developing high‐performance flexible polymer solar cells, the preparation of flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) via a high‐throughput gravure printing process is reported. By varying the blend ratio of the mixture solvent and the concentration of the silver nanowire (AgNW) inks, the surface tension, volatilization rate, and viscosity of the AgNW ink can be tuned to meet the requirements of gravure printing process. Following this method, uniformly printed AgNW films are prepared. Highly conductive FTEs with a sheet resistance of 10.8 Ω sq−1 and a high transparency of 95.4% (excluded substrate) are achieved, which are comparable to those of indium tin oxide electrode. In comparison with the spin‐coating process, the gravure printing process exhibits advantages of the ease of large‐area fabrication and improved uniformity, which are attributed to better ink droplet distribution over the substrate. 0.04 cm2 polymer solar cells based on gravure‐printed AgNW electrodes with PM6:Y6 as the photoactive layer show the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.28% with an average PCE of 14.75 ± 0.35%. Owing to the good uniformity of the gravure‐printed AgNW electrode, the highest PCE of 13.61% is achieved for 1 cm2 polymer solar cells based on the gravure‐printed FTEs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Power Conversion Efficiency of 13.61% for 1 cm² Flexible Polymer Solar Cells Based on Patternable and Mass‐Producible Gravure‐Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes

Wang

Han

Yan

et al. 2020

Adv Funct Materials

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“…The advantages of metallic nanowires have been thoroughly discussed in two recent reviews. [95,96] Recently, Azani et al introduced a new generation of TCEs by solution processing of silver nanorings (AgNRs) on PET.…”

Section: Metal Nanowires/metal Nanoringsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits, Problems, and Solutions of Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)‐Free Flexible Solar Cells

Azani¹,

Hassanpour²,

Torres

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

198

177

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their use in large-scale applications. [2] Thus, a second generation of solar cells based on other inorganic materials, such as cadmium telluride (CdTe)/cadmium indium gallium diselenide (CIGS), have been developed; however, their practical applications are restricted by the toxi city and scarcity of the materials, along with their high production cost. [3,4] Consequently, OSCs, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [5,6] and perovskite solar cells (PSCs) [7-9] have been developed, which are considered as third-generation SCs. Among the solar cells of the third generation, OSCs received significant attention due to their flexibility, low cost, and ease of fabrication, [10] which combined with their high efficiency, significantly contribute to the commercialization of FOSCs. Mass production of flexible OSCs is possible by using a roll-to-roll process, which enables the fabrication of wearable devices. [11,12] Potential applications of FOSCs include wearable devices, [13] space applications, [14] rechargeable bags and tents, and solar airships. One of the main components for fabricating FOSCs is TCEs, which play a key role in achieving high-performance OSCs, where current and light transmissions are simultaneously enabled. [15] Generally, the following characteristics are required for achieving a high-performance transparent electrode: [16-18] 1) high optical transmittance for permitting photons to reach and be absorbed within the active layer; 2) low sheet resistance for decreasing the resistance of solar cells; 3) low surface roughness for avoiding electrical shortage In this review, silver nanowires (AgNWs) are introduced, as the primary material to replace indium tin oxide for fabricating cost-effective flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs), because of their remarkable solution-processing, flexibility, transparency, and conductivity, along with their enhanced properties in terms of light-scattering, plasmonic effects, and transmittance in the near infrared region. The drawbacks of AgNWs, particularly their high roughness, low adhesion to substrates, atmospheric corrosion, degradation under UV and visible light, and poor contact at wire-wire junctions, must be resolved prior to their use in commercial FOSCs applications. Herein, comparisons among all candidates (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal grids, and conducting polymers), along with a report of all recent progress in addressing these issues for using AgNWs as flexible transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), are discussed. In addition, recent publications on the fabrication of highly efficient FOSCs based on AgNWs are summarized. The discussed issues regarding AgNWs-TCEs apply not only to FOSCs, but can be generalized for other third-generation solar cells, such as perovskite solar cells and dye-sensitized solar cells; additionally, they provide insight for other optoelectronic applications, such as organic light-emitting diodes, liquid crystal displays, smart windows, touch panels, and heaters.

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“…Ag nanowire-based TCEs can have low sheet resistance (10 < Rs < 50 Ω □ -1 ) at high transmittance (T > 80%). 175,[177][178][179] However, Ag is even more expensive than indium which defeats the purpose of finding a cheaper alternative. Nanowires made of Cu which costs 1% of silver is a more cost-effective option.…”

Section: Transparent Electrodes and Stretchable Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical challenges and advances in the carbon nanotube–metal interface for next-generation electronics

et al. 2021

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Recent progress in silver nanowire networks for flexible organic electronics

Abstract: Silver nanowires for flexible organic electronics have been comprehensively summarized from synthesis, film fabrication, characterization and applications to perspectives.

Cited by 139 publications

References 330 publications

High Power Conversion Efficiency of 13.61% for 1 cm² Flexible Polymer Solar Cells Based on Patternable and Mass‐Producible Gravure‐Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes

High Power Conversion Efficiency of 13.61% for 1 cm² Flexible Polymer Solar Cells Based on Patternable and Mass‐Producible Gravure‐Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes

Benefits, Problems, and Solutions of Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)‐Free Flexible Solar Cells

Critical challenges and advances in the carbon nanotube–metal interface for next-generation electronics

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Recent progress in silver nanowire networks for flexible organic electronics

Abstract: Silver nanowires for flexible organic electronics have been comprehensively summarized from synthesis, film fabrication, characterization and applications to perspectives.

Cited by 139 publications

References 330 publications

High Power Conversion Efficiency of 13.61% for 1 cm2 Flexible Polymer Solar Cells Based on Patternable and Mass‐Producible Gravure‐Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes

High Power Conversion Efficiency of 13.61% for 1 cm2 Flexible Polymer Solar Cells Based on Patternable and Mass‐Producible Gravure‐Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes

Benefits, Problems, and Solutions of Silver Nanowire Transparent Conductive Electrodes in Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)‐Free Flexible Solar Cells

Critical challenges and advances in the carbon nanotube–metal interface for next-generation electronics

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High Power Conversion Efficiency of 13.61% for 1 cm² Flexible Polymer Solar Cells Based on Patternable and Mass‐Producible Gravure‐Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes

High Power Conversion Efficiency of 13.61% for 1 cm² Flexible Polymer Solar Cells Based on Patternable and Mass‐Producible Gravure‐Printed Silver Nanowire Electrodes