Search citation statements
Paper Sections
Citation Types
Year Published
Publication Types
Relationship
Authors
Journals
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles of various sizes that can be secreted by most cells. EVs contain a diverse array of cargo, including RNAs, lipids, proteins, and other molecules with functions of intercellular communication, immune modulation, and regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The biofluids in the eye, including tears, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor, are important sources for EV-based diagnosis of ocular disease. Because the molecular cargos may reflect the biology of their parental cells, EVs in these biofluids, as well as in the blood, have been recognized as promising candidates as biomarkers for early diagnosis of ocular disease. Moreover, EVs have also been used as therapeutics and targeted drug delivery nanocarriers in many ocular disorders because of their low immunogenicity and superior biocompatibility in nature. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the field of EV-based studies on the diagnosis and therapeutics of ocular disease. We summarized the origins of EVs applied in ocular disease, assessed different methods for EV isolation from ocular biofluid samples, highlighted bioengineering strategies of EVs as drug delivery systems, introduced the latest applications in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular disease, and presented their potential in the current clinical trials. Finally, we briefly discussed the challenges of EV-based studies in ocular disease and some issues of concern for better focusing on clinical translational studies of EVs in the future.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane vesicles of various sizes that can be secreted by most cells. EVs contain a diverse array of cargo, including RNAs, lipids, proteins, and other molecules with functions of intercellular communication, immune modulation, and regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The biofluids in the eye, including tears, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor, are important sources for EV-based diagnosis of ocular disease. Because the molecular cargos may reflect the biology of their parental cells, EVs in these biofluids, as well as in the blood, have been recognized as promising candidates as biomarkers for early diagnosis of ocular disease. Moreover, EVs have also been used as therapeutics and targeted drug delivery nanocarriers in many ocular disorders because of their low immunogenicity and superior biocompatibility in nature. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the field of EV-based studies on the diagnosis and therapeutics of ocular disease. We summarized the origins of EVs applied in ocular disease, assessed different methods for EV isolation from ocular biofluid samples, highlighted bioengineering strategies of EVs as drug delivery systems, introduced the latest applications in the diagnosis and treatment of ocular disease, and presented their potential in the current clinical trials. Finally, we briefly discussed the challenges of EV-based studies in ocular disease and some issues of concern for better focusing on clinical translational studies of EVs in the future.
Background Retinoblastoma is an aggressive cancer whose majority of patients are infants and children below the age of five. Approximately 80% of the total patients of retinoblastoma reside in low-to-middle-income countries like India. Lack of public and medical awareness and the absence of significant and regular clinical trials to test and authenticate new potential treatments impede the process of treating retinoblastoma. Attempts have been made to establish an effective way to diagnose retinoblastoma early so that it can be controlled in time, but so far, no significant success has been documented on that front. Moreover, recent strategies include computational and informatics solutions to identify potential targets at a genetic level to alter the expression of defective proteins in human subjects. Aim The main aim of the current study is to unravel the potential targets of Retinoblastoma, an aggressive pediatric cancer, utilizing an in silico network biology approach. Methods In the present study, we have utilized the gene network analysis approach to identify hub genes that affect the expression in the human system. We developed the Protein – Protein Interaction network utilizing 158 genes extracted from the NCBI OMIM database and identified 15 key genes, which were then subjected to metascape analysis to identify pathways and processes that affect and prioritize genes based on their significance scores. We were able to identify the following target genes: RBBP4, TFDP1, and RBBP7. Result RBBP4, TFDP1, and RBBP7 were identified as the most novel target genes against retinoblastoma after gene network and enrichment analysis. Conclusion Our in-silico network analysis unveiled the intricate mechanisms behind the progression of retinoblastoma by dissecting 158 associated genes in humans. Thus, this work not only illuminates the underlying dynamics of the disease but also offers a promising avenue for intervention.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.