Recent progress in research on tungsten materials for nuclear fusion applications in Europe

Rieth, M.; Dudarev, S. L.; Vicente, S.M. González de; Aktaa, Jarir; Ahlgren, T.; Antusch, S.; Armstrong, David E.J.; Balden, M.; Baluc, N.; Barthe, M.F.; Widodo, Basuki; Battabyal, Manjusha; Becquart, Charlotte; Blagoeva, Darina; Boldyryeva, H.; Brinkmann, J.; Celino, Massimo; Ciupiński, Ł.; Correia, J.B.; Backer, Andrée De; Domain, Christophe; Gaganidze, E.; Garcı́a-Rosales, C.; Gibson, J. S.; Gilbert, Mark R.; Giusepponi, Simone; Gludovatz, Bernd; Greuner, H.; Heinola, K.; Höschen, T.; Hoffmann, Andreas; Holstein, N.; Koch, F.; Krauß, W.; Li, H.; Lindig, S.; Linke, J.; Linsmeier, Ch.; López-Ruiz, P.; Maier, H.; Matějíček, Jiří; Mishra, Tarini Prasad; Muhammed, Mamoun; Muñóz, A.; Muzyk, M.; Nordlund, K.; Nguyen-Manh, D.; Opschoor, J.B.; Ordás, N.; Palacios, T.; Pintsuk, G.; Pippan, Reinhard; Reiser, J.; Riesch, J.; Roberts, Steve; Romaner, Lorenz; Rosiński, M.; Sánchez, M.; Schulmeyer, W.; Traxler, H.; Ureña, A.; Laan, J.G. van der; Veleva, Lyubomira; Wahlberg, Sverker; Walter, M.; Weber, Thomas; Weitkamp, Timm; Wurster, Stefan; Yar, Mazher Ahmed; You, J.-H.; Zivelonghi, A.

doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2012.08.018

Cited by 634 publications

(288 citation statements)

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“…The most attractive properties of tungsten for the design of magnetic fusion energy reactors are its high melting point and thermal conductivity, low sputtering yield and low long-term disposal radioactive footprint. However, tungsten also presents a very low fracture toughness, mostly associated with inter-granular failure and bulk plasticity, that limits its applications [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking atomistic, kinetic Monte Carlo and crystal plasticity simulations of single‐crystal tungsten strength

et al. 2015

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Understanding and improving the mechanical properties of tungsten is a critical task for the materials fusion energy program. The plastic behavior in body‐centered cubic (bcc) metals like tungsten is governed primarily by screw dislocations on the atomic scale and by ensembles and interactions of dislocations at larger scales. Modeling this behavior requires the application of methods capable of resolving each relevant scale. At the small scale, atomistic methods are used to study single dislocation properties, while at the coarse‐scale, continuum models are used to cover the interactions between dislocations. In this work we present a multiscale model that comprises atomistic, kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) and continuum‐level crystal plasticity (CP) calculations. The function relating dislocation velocity to applied stress and temperature is obtained from the kMC model and it is used as the main source of constitutive information into a dislocation‐based CP framework. The complete model is used to perform material point simulations of single‐crystal tungsten strength. We explore the entire crystallographic orientation space of the standard triangle. Non‐Schmid effects are inlcuded in the model by considering the twinning‐antitwinning (T/AT) asymmetry in the kMC calculations. We consider the importance of 〈111〉{110} and 〈111〉{112} slip systems in the homologous temperature range from 0.08Tm to 0.33Tm, where Tm =3680 K is the melting point in tungsten. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking atomistic, kinetic Monte Carlo and crystal plasticity simulations of single‐crystal tungsten strength

et al. 2015

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“…DEMO) will be subjected to unprecedented high thermal loads of up to 10-20 MW/m 2 and high neutron fluxes [1,2]. Tungsten has been proposed as a potentially suitable armour material due to a beneficially high melting point, high thermal conductivity and high yield and shear stress [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However undesirable characteristics of tungsten include high brittleness, high hardness and a high ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT). This makes tungsten unsuitable as a structural material if operating below the transition temperature [1]. It has therefore been proposed to join the tungsten armour tile with a material suitable for use as a structural and heat sinking component [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper alloys have been identified as a solution due to its high thermal conductivity amongst other properties [7,8]. High temperature brazing is a joining method that could be used to join the tungsten armour tile with the copper structure [1,3,9]. The inherently high stresses in the divertor, coupled with high discontinuity stresses caused by large differences in thermal and mechanical properties of tungsten and copper, require a strong and repeatable joint between the two materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brazing development and interfacial metallurgy study of tungsten and copper joints with eutectic gold copper brazing alloy

Easton

Zhang

Wood

et al. 2015

Fusion Engineering and Design

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This version is available at https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/53935/ Strathprints is designed to allow users to access the research output of the University of Strathclyde. Unless otherwise explicitly stated on the manuscript, Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge.Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the Strathprints administrator: strathprints@strath.ac.ukThe Strathprints institutional repository (https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk) is a digital archive of University of Strathclyde research outputs. It has been developed to disseminate open access research outputs, expose data about those outputs, and enable the management and persistent access to Strathclyde's intellectual output. Current proposals for the divertor component of a thermonuclear fusion reactor include tungsten and copper as potentially suitable materials. This paper presents the procedures developed for the successful brazing of tungsten to oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper using a fusion appropriate gold based brazing alloy, Orobraze 890 (Au80Cu20). The objectives were to develop preparation techniques and brazing procedures in order to produce a repeatable, defect free butt joint for tungsten to copper. Multiple brazing methods were utilised and brazing parameters altered to achieve the best joint possible. Successful and unsuccessful brazed specimens were sectioned and analysed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, EDX analysis and ultrasonic evaluation. It has been determined that brazing with Au80Cu20 has the potential to be a suitable joining method for a tungsten to copper joint. Brazing Development and Interfacial Metallurgy Study of Tungsten and Copper Joints with Eutectic Gold Copper Brazing Alloy

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“…This particularly holds for the in-vessel components, which directly come into contact with the plasma. The divertor, for example, filters ions from the plasma but only by withstanding huge heat and particle fluxes [25]. Most designs for it are based on tungsten because of the associated high-temperature resistance and low activation [26].…”

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confidence: 99%

Ranking the Stars: A Refined Pareto Approach to Computational Materials Design

2013

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We propose a procedure to rank the most interesting solutions from high-throughput materials design studies. Such a tool is becoming indispensable due to the growing size of computational screening studies and the large number of criteria involved in realistic materials design. As a proof of principle, the binary tungsten alloys are screened for both large-weight and high-impact materials, as well as for fusion reactor applications. Moreover, the concept is generally applicable to any design problem where multiple competing criteria have to be optimized. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.075501 PACS numbers: 81.05.Zx, 07.05.Kf, 28.52.Fa, 62.20.Àx In recent years, materials design has benefitted considerably from computational searches [1]. The increase in computing power has allowed the screening of large numbers of hypothetical compounds for several well-defined design criteria. However, interpreting the output from such investigations is not a trivial task, especially when multiple objectives are optimized simultaneously. The field of multicriteria decision making [2,3] proposes the use of the so-called Pareto set to drastically reduce the number of materials under consideration. Multicriteria decision making notes that in the case of competing requirements, a single ''best'' solution does not exist. Instead, a number of solutions can be shown to outperform the rest, forming the Pareto set P . Compared to such a Pareto solutionx, none of the alternative x improve all of the decision criteria f ðkÞ simultaneously:Here, we assume the design problem to be described by N normalized, maximizable objective functions f ðkÞ with k ¼ 1; . . . ; N, relating to each Pareto solution a set of coordinates. The assembled Pareto points are therefore also called the Pareto front or skyline, as they outline a hypersurface in N-dimensional space (full black line in Fig. 1). Pareto optimality has already been successfully applied to computational materials design [4,5]. Unfortunately, as the dimensionality of the problem increases, so does the size of the Pareto set P . It then becomes prohibitively time consuming to study every single Pareto compound in more detail. Several post-Pareto analysis methods therefore try to reduce the number of candidates even further [6][7][8], but none of them offer a quantitative ordering. This Letter, on the other hand, proposes a mathematically founded procedure that allows the ranking of the Pareto compounds, thus identifying the most optimal compromises with respect to the design requirements. It is, however, also more generally applicable to any multicriterion design problem, ranging from space technology [9] over urban studies [10] to linguistics [11]. Figure 1 illustrates how a ranking can be based on the tradeoff between two Pareto solutions, using a hypothetical 2D data set. If we consider an arbitrary Pareto point, such as b, its bottom left quadrant (hatched area) contains only suboptimal (dominated) points, while solutions outside this region offer a tradeoff with the properties of b, ...

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Recent progress in research on tungsten materials for nuclear fusion applications in Europe

Cited by 634 publications

References 65 publications

Linking atomistic, kinetic Monte Carlo and crystal plasticity simulations of single‐crystal tungsten strength

Linking atomistic, kinetic Monte Carlo and crystal plasticity simulations of single‐crystal tungsten strength

Brazing development and interfacial metallurgy study of tungsten and copper joints with eutectic gold copper brazing alloy

Ranking the Stars: A Refined Pareto Approach to Computational Materials Design

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