Recent Progress in Photocatalytic Chemical Fixation of Carbon Dioxide

Abstract

With the increase of CO2 emissions, a series of environmental and ecological problems have been brought about, and there has been a growing focus on the rational development of CO2 fixation technologies and CO2 emissions reduction. Among many CO2 fixation techniques, the photocatalytic CO2 fixation is an ideal CO2 conversion method due to its simple operation, environmentally friendliness, diverse products, high yield, and high energy utilization. This perspective summarizes the photocatalytic CO2 fixation reactions of alkene, alkyne, C–H bond, C–O bond, C–(pseudo)­halide bond, unsaturated amines, and epoxides according to the types of substrates and further discusses the reaction mechanism of the photocatalytic CO2 fixation. By summarizing the progress of research on photocatalytic CO2 fixation reactions, this perspective provides a reasonable outlook on the photocatalytic CO2 fixation reactions and encourages further research and development in this area.

Photoinduced Single‐Electron Reduction of Alkenes.

“…In this context, significant progress has been made in the development of reactions that employ CO 2 to produce basic chemicals in the past two decades, especially the carboxylation of alkenes. [20][21][22][23][24] However, carboxylation reactions initiated by alkene radical anions generated from photoinduced single-electron reduction remain limited at this stage. In 2021, Yu and co-workers achieved the participation of CO 2 in the dicarboxylation reactions of alkenes (Scheme 1).…”

Fabrication of samarium doped MOF-808 as an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of the drug cefaclor from water

“…This could be resolved by reduction of particle dimensions making it suitable for catalytic reactions. 59,60 The absorbance of MOF-808(Ce) was less than doped Sm/ MOF-808(Ce) as HOMO-LUMO gap of pristine MOF-808(Ce) (1.81 eV) is large. MOFs photocatalyst possess the metallic chains that help in capturing visible photons and generate electron-holes in the process.…”

“…Small band gaps enable visible light excitation in MOFs.Less electrons and hole recombination will limit the generation of oxidizing species/radicals. This could be resolved by reduction of particle dimensions making it suitable for catalytic reactions 59,60. The absorbance of MOF-808(Ce) was less than doped Sm/ MOF-808(Ce) as HOMO-LUMO gap of pristine MOF-808(Ce) (1.81 eV) is large.…”

Visible-light-driven photocatalytic carboxylation to aromatic carboxylic acids with CO2

“…Over the past decades, photocatalysis, specifically visible-light-driven photocatalysis which is a mild and efficient catalytic strategy, has undergone enormous developments, 43–48 offering a new route for carboxylation with CO 2 . 49–55 For example, Li summarized recent developments in light-induced carboxylation of organic compounds containing alkenes, alkynes, C–H bonds, C–O bonds, and C–(pseudo)halide bonds and unsaturated amines with CO 2 , and their respective reaction mechanism of photocatalytic CO 2 fixation was given; 49 Shi reviewed the visible-light driven carboxylation of CC, CO, C–halide, C–H, C(sp 3 )–O and other miscellaneous bonds with CO 2 ; 51 Yu and Zhang conducted a review on the visible light-driven carboxylation of different chemical raw materials (including alkenes, alkynes, aldehydes, ketones, imines, organo halides and others) with CO 2 , and provided a perspective on this field; 52 Yu and Zhou reviewed visible-light-driven reductive carboxylation with CO 2 via dual visible light photoredox/transition metal catalysis, visible light photoredox-catalyzed carbanion formation, visible-light-induced charge-transfer complex formation, 54 etc . However, no review has systematically discussed the synthesis of aromatic carboxylic acids using visible-light driven carboxylation with CO 2 .…”