Recent Progress in Photocatalytic Antibacterial

Abstract

Pathogens on wounds and infected tissues or pathogens in drinking water or public facilities have been doing great harm in human life. Because of booming drug resistance and superbacteria, the abuse or excessive use of antibiotics during systemic treatment has caused a global antibiotic crisis. However, it usually takes a long time to develop antibiotics. In recent years, photocatalytic antibacterial agents have no drug resistance and side-effects due to their rapid and efficient bactericidal efficacy. They are becoming one of the most hopeful substitutions to antibiotics for dealing with the bacterial diseases and water pollution caused by certain pathogens. Photocatalysis has unique advantages in the field of antibacterials, and its controllability plays an irreplaceable role. This review focuses on the mechanism of photocatalysis, which involves representative photocatalytic semiconductors (metal oxides, metal sulfides, carbon nitride, heterojunction composite materials) and organics (organic polymers and organic small molecules-aggregation induced emission) as well as their photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism. In this paper, we summarize the photocatalytic antibacterial mechanisms by the numbers and current developing of photocatalytic antimicrobial materials applications. Current difficulties and expectations for the future in these fields are presented to stimulate the developing of material manufacturing technologies and their industrialization to combat bacterial infections. In addition, potential application limitations and future research potential are highlighted.

Facile Multistep Synthesis of ZnO-Coated β-NaYF4:Yb/Tm Upconversion Nanoparticles as an Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy for Persistent Staphylococcus aureus Small Colony Variants

“…52−54 Furthermore, several studies have shown the antibacterial effectiveness of synthesized NPs to be lower than 100%. 13 For example, Fe-doped ZnO, Nb/N-doped ZnO, and Cu-doped TiO 2 have been reported to have antibacterial efficiencies of approximately 90%. 55−57 Other results have highlighted the value of having distinct performances for the activated and nonactivated treatments.…”

Nanophysical Antimicrobial Strategies: A Rational Deployment of Nanomaterials and Physical Stimulations in Combating Bacterial Infections

“…In addition to ZnO and g‐C 3 N 4 , other photocatalysts, such as molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), and bismuth trioxide (Bi 2 O 3 ) have also been synthesized and exploited in antimicrobial nPCT. [ 58 ]…”

Photocatalytic properties of Cu-containing ZnO nanoparticles and their antifungal activity against agriculture-pathogenic fungus

“…Nanosized doped semiconductor oxides (SO) have shown improved biocidal and photocatalytic properties. They have been applied as antifungal agents, 1 antibacterial agents, 2 antivirals in agriculture, 3 and photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. 4 To improve these properties, SO are typically doped with transition metals (Mn, Fe, Cr, Cu), 5 rare earth elements (Ce and Er), 6 and noble metals (Au, Ag, Pt 7 ).…”