Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: material science

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells represent a promising third-generation photovoltaic technology with low fabrication cost and high power conversion efficiency. In light of the rapid development of perovskite materials and devices, a systematic survey on the latest advancements covering a broad range of related work is urgently needed. This review summarizes the recent major advances in

Hole-Transport Management Enables 23%-Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with 84% Fill Factor

“…Undoubtedly, PSCs have a great opportunity to become a game-changer in the photovoltaics market. Due to their marvellous optical and electronic properties [ 14 – 17 ], single-junction PSCs, all-perovskite tandem cells and perovskite-silicon tandem cells, etc., have demonstrated an incredibly rapid ascent in PCE, reaching a record efficiency of 25.73% [ 18 ], 28% [ 19 ] and 32.5% [ 20 ], respectively. Despite much effort, unluckily, device operational stability has been main bottleneck for further development.…”

Thermally stable inverted perovskite solar cells using an electropolymerized Zn-porphyrin film as a dopant-free hole-transporting layer

“…Indium tin oxide (ITO) (the sheet resistance was 10 ohm sq −1 , and the transmittance was more than 85%) was purchased from Advanced Election Technology Co., Ltd. Methylamine iodide (CH 3 NH 3 I, 99.0%), methylamine chloride (CH 3 NH 3 Cl, 99.0%), lead(II) iodide (PbI 2 , 99.0%), lead(II) chloride (PbCl 2 , 99.0%), [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM), poly-[bis(4phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] and poly (ethylene imine) (PEI) were purchased from Xi'an Polymer Light Technology Corp. N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF, AR), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, AR), methylamine (33 wt% in absolute ethanol), anhydrous acetonitrile (ACN, 99.8%), gamma-butyrolactone (GBL, 99%), chlorobenzene (CB, anhydrous, 99.8%), and isopropanol were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone (AR) and ethanol (AR) were purchased from Beijing Chemical Works.…”

“…4,5 According to the positions of the ETL and HTL, the device can be divided into mesoscopic n-i-p, planar n-i-p and inverted planar p-i-n structures. 6,7 The typical n-i-p structured PSCs with 2,2 ′ ,7,7 ′ -tetrakis(N,N-di-(p-methoxyphenyl)amino)-9,9 ′ -spirobi-uorene (spiro-OMeTAD) as the hole-transport material (HTM) exhibit the highest PCEs. 8 Inverted planar PSCs possess several advantages over mesoscopic devices, such as an easy fabrication process, negligible hysteresis, and low annealing temperature process, which are more conducive to future commercialization.…”

Efficient and air-stable n-type doping in organic semiconductors

“…The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of single junction PSCs has been over 20% in the past ten years. 17,19,119 Currently, the most critical challenge in PSCs is the long-term stability. 18 Design strategies including: modification of the perovskite active layer, the introduction of hole-transporting layer (HTL), and electron-transporting layer (ETL) are applied.…”