Recent progress in one-step synthesis of acrylic acid and methyl acrylate via aldol reaction: Catalyst, mechanism, kinetics and separation

High-efficiency and durable V–Ti–Nb ternary catalyst prepared by a wet-solid mechanochemical method for sustainably producing acrylic acid via acetic acid–formaldehyde condensation

“…For the past few years, a new procedure to prepare AA (MA) by aldol condensation between acetic acid (HAc) and formaldehyde (HCHO) has been widely studied by academia and industry, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] because raw materials such as HAc and HCHO can be obtained from sustainable biomass or low-cost natural gas, and coal. In fact, the aldol condensation reaction between HAc and HCHO conforms to an acid-base catalytic mechanism, 21,22 and multifarious types of acid-base catalysts such as alkali metals supported on silica-based materials, 23 ionic liquids, 24 acidic zeolites, 14 and vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) 25 have been developed and applied to the target condensation reaction.…”

Acid Promoter-Modified Cs/Al2O3 Catalyst for Methyl Methacrylate Production by Aldol Condensation of Methyl Propionate with Formaldehyde

“…MMA is a high-value raw material that is crucial for producing plastic modifiers, adhesion agents, and coatings. There is still a growing demand for MMA due to its unique properties, such as transparency and wear resistance. − Tremendous research has recently been published for the synthesis of MMA, and the aldol condensation of MP and FA has garnered a lot of interest since they are rich coal materials and environmentally benign. − Unfortunately, the low yield and limited catalytic lifetime of available catalysts have been major limitations to the vital process.…”

Kinetics and optimization studies of modified VPO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst prepared in situ for cross-aldol condensation

“…Acrylic acid (AA) contains two functional groups, carboncarbon double bond (CC) and carboxyl group (-COOH), which is usually organic intermediate and polymer, 1 and it has been widely employed in adhesive synthesis, plastic processing, fiber and coating. [2][3][4][5][6] At present, AA is usually synthesized by the two-step oxidation of propene in industrial production. 7 Propene is first oxidized to acrolein and then to AA.…”

“…VPO acid-base bifunctional catalysts have been extensively studied in aldol condensation. 6,18 Feng et al 19 prepared the VPO catalyst using the organic solvent method and applied it to the reaction of methyl acetate (MeOAC) and HCHO to produce methyl acrylate (MA), and the conversion of reactant MeOAC reached around 84%. Yang et al 20 obtained catalysts with optimum specific surface area and active crystalline phase composition by adjusting the calcination temperature, and the AA yield for the aldol condensation reaction of HAc and HCHO reached about 21.9%.…”