Recent Progress in Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Derived Nanostructures for Energy and Environmental Applications

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a very promising category of porous materials, have attracted increasing interest from research communities due to their extremely high surface areas, diverse nanostructures, and unique properties. In recent years, there is a growing body of evidence to indicate that MOFs can function as ideal templates to prepare various nanostructured materials for energy and environmental cleaning applications. Recent progress in the design and synthesis of MOFs and MOF-derived nanomaterials for particular applications in lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, dye-sensitized solar cells, and heavy-metal-ion detection and removal is reviewed herein. In addition, the remaining major challenges in the above fields are discussed and some perspectives for future research efforts in the development of MOFs are also provided.

Diverse Structures Based on a Heptanuclear Cobalt Cluster with 0D to 3D Metal–Organic Frameworks: Magnetism and Application in Batteries

“…MOFs have been widely used to synthesize porous carbons and metal oxides because of their unique properties of rich porosity, controllable structure, and high specific surface area. The size and even shape of metal oxides can be well tuned by employing proper annealing treatment, because the metal ion/cluster nodes are homogeneously distributed in MOFs . More importantly, various metal oxides with porous structures and high surface areas can accelerate the penetration of electrolyte and weaken the stresses caused by the volume changes during charge/discharge processes in LIBs.…”

Degradation of hazardous organic dyes with solar‐driven advanced oxidation process catalyzed by the mixed metal–organic frameworks

“…[5][6][7][8][9] But, most of these methods require long runtimes, hard operating pH range and high energy consumption. [18][19][20][21][22] Meanwhile, reports on a natural sunlight utilizing MOF for photodegradation of water pollutants are very limited. Also, recent studies have displayed that H 2 O 2 could be decompose to • OH radicals by the semiconductor photocatalysts, utilizing to increase efficiency of the visible light induced photocatalytic procedures.…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Photoelectrochemical Catalytic Studies of a Water‐Stable Zinc‐Based Metal–Organic Framework

“…[3] In this regard, solar energy and water are considered to be the most sustainable and renewable resources. [15] However,t he design of MOFs forP EC applications [4] Ak ey step in harnessing solar energy is its conversion into useful chemical energy.T hus, efficient H 2 generation by solar water splitting constitutes apromising way to utilize and store energy.…”

“…These materials, built from metal ions and organic linkers, can produce desirable structurest hat can incorporate catalytic centers and light-harvesting components within as ingle compound. [15] However,t he design of MOFs forP EC applications Some MOFs are used as cocatalysts alongside dyes or composite semiconductors to promote kinetic processes and diminish electron/hole recombination.…”

“…[11] In general, most MOFs are insulators and are used only as ah igh-surface-area support for metal-based semiconducting nanostructured catalytic centers. [15] However,t he design of MOFs forP EC applications remains ac hallenge and hence few reports are known on their direct utilizationi nP EC systems. [12] In recent studies, MOFs have been applied as ac ocatalyst supported on TiO 2 for light harvestinga nd can significantly enhance the visible-light watersplitting activity of TiO 2 photocatalysts.…”