Recent Progress in Metal‐Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into Furan‐Based Value‐Added Chemicals

Abstract

5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), one of the most significant biomass‐derived renewable resources, has been widely utilized to create furan‐based value‐added chemicals such as 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF), 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (HMFCA), 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid (FFCA), and 2,5‐furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA). Indeed, DFF, HMFCA and FFCA are key intermediate products during the oxidation of HMF to FDCA. Herein, this review aims to demonstrate the recent advances in metal‐catalyzed oxidation of HMF into FDCA via two different reaction routes (HMF‐DFF‐FFCA‐FDCA and HMF‐HMFCA‐FFCA‐FDCA). All the four furan‐based compounds are comprehensively discussed by the selective oxidation of HMF. Additionally, various metal catalysts, reaction conditions, and reaction mechanisms used to obtain the four different products are systematically reviewed. It is anticipated that this review will provide related researchers with new perspectives and speed up the development of this field.

Laccase-Mediated Oxygen Reduction in Liquid Flow Fuel Cells for Efficient Oxidation of Biomass-Derived Aldehydes with Co-Generation of Electricity

“…Metal oxides are usually used to promote the reaction rate for furfural conversion. Among the metal-based catalysts, silver-based catalysts have been found to show excellent catalytic activity for the chemical oxidation of aldehydes . For instance, Sadier et al achieved oxidation of furfural by loading Ag nanoparticles on TiO 2 and obtained 96% furoic acid yield at room temperature.…”

“…Among the metal-based catalysts, silver-based catalysts have been found to show excellent catalytic activity for the chemical oxidation of aldehydes. 47 For instance, Sadier et al achieved oxidation of furfural by loading Ag nanoparticles on TiO 2 and obtained 96% furoic acid yield at room temperature. However, this process required the application of 15 bar pressure.…”

Further revealing reaction mechanism on the oxidative behavior of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural

“…In 2022, Bao and co-workers discovered that the oxidation of HMF to DFF with high selectivity (95%) under visible light [21,22], and the inferred mechanism shows that the central point C 6 H 4 O 3 is the key radical intermediate in the reaction process. These researches show that there are usually two reaction routes for the oxidation of HMF to FDCA [23][24][25][26][27]. One is the HMF aldehyde group oxidizing to acid through the HMFCA intermediate to form FDCA, and the other is the hydroxymethyl group oxidizing to the aldehyde group through the DFF intermediate to generate FDCA.…”